Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

All Participants
Inclusion	Exclusion
1. Undergoing thoracic and/or lumbar surgery for correction of condition via posterior spinal fusion of greater than 6 levels	1. No renal dysfunction identified by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) or BUN to CR ratio greater than 20:1
	2. Hold religious and/or other beliefs limiting blood transfusion
	3. Currently use anti-coagulant medication or have past medical history leading to abnormal coagulation profile pre-operatively
	4. Significant past medical history preventing the use of TXA or EACA described in the protocol
AIS
Inclusion	Exclusion
1. Between 10 and 21 years of age	1. Previous corrective spinal surgery that is being revised
2. BMI between 5th and 95th percentiles
AD
Inclusion	Exclusion
1. Between 18 and 80 years of age	1. Any history of coronary artery disease with stent placement
NMS
Inclusion	Exclusion
1. Between 10 and 80 years of age	1. Congenital and syndromic scoliosis
	2. Previous corrective spinal surgery that is being revised