Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics
| Echocardiograpic examination | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes [n = 81] | No [n = 196] | p value | |
| Females [%] | 67 | 75 | 0.20* |
| Living independently [%] | 78 | 55 | <0.001* |
| ADL (IQR) [points] | 10 (9-14) | 16 (10-25) | <0.001‡ |
| IADL (IQR) [points] | 23 (17-29) | 33 (25-36) | <0.001‡ |
| GARS (IQR) [points] | 33 (26-42) | 49 (35-61) | <0.001‡ |
| MMSE (IQR) [points] | 28 (26-29) | 22 (15-27) | <0.001‡ |
| GDS-15 (>4) [%] | 14.8 | 32 | <0.001‡ |
| History of cardiovascular disease [%]† | 35 | 43 | 0.15* |
| History of heart failure [%] | 19 | 17 | 0.82* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (SD) [mmHg] | 73 (9) | 71 (10) | 0.17* |
| Systolic blood pressure (SD) [mmHg] | 155 (16) | 150 (19) | 0.03* |
SD, Standard Deviation. IQR, Inter Quartile Range. ADL, Activities in Daily Living. IADL, Instrumental Activities in Daily Living. GARS, Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination. GDS-15, Geriatric Depression Scale. †, Including cerebrovascular accident, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease or an electrocardiogram revealing myocardial ischemia or infarction. *, Independent T-test. ‡, Mann Whitney test. N, number of participants.