Table 1.
Hospital characteristics*
| Government (N = 212) |
Nongovernment nonprofit (N = 79) |
Private for-profit (N = 71) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural (%) | 27.8 (44.9) |
24.0 (43.0) |
19.7 (40.1) |
0.1642 |
| Acute-care (%) | 83.0 (37.6) |
62.0 (48.8) |
71.8 (45.3) |
0.0064 |
| Jibie (Hospital accreditation level): | 0.0000 | |||
| Not classified | 32.4 | 75.0 | 87.3 | |
| Level 1 | 21.9 | 5.3 | 9.9 | |
| Level 2 | 32.4 | 18.4 | 2.8 | |
| Level 3 (highest) | 13.3 | 1.3 | 0.0 | |
| Average number of beds | 256.3 (308.4) |
124.0 (155.9) |
66.8 (114.0) |
0.0000 |
| Value of total hospital assets (RMB) | 15,935.6 (29,091.3) |
2,208.3 (3,080.0) |
2,717.3 (11,831.5) |
0.0000 |
| Number of machines valued over 10,000 RMB | 310.0 (611.7) |
44.7 (63.5) |
41.3 (70.7) |
0.0000 |
| Staffing (averages): | ||||
| Number of employees | 355.1 (420.7) |
120.1 (134.1) |
89.0 (109.9) |
0.0000 |
| Number of physicians | 114.1 (134.0) |
32.8 (37.7) |
24.0 (29.6) |
0.0000 |
| Number of nurses | 115.8 (152.3) |
32.9 (47.1) |
24.8 (44.1) |
0.0000 |
| Number of pharmacists | 23.6 (27.4) |
7.3 (8.1) |
4.8 (5.3) |
0.0000 |
| Patient volume (averages): | ||||
| Inpatient admissions | 7,138.1 (8,395.0) |
1,326.5 (3,081.4) |
1,060.6 (3,139.7) |
0.0000 |
| Total outpatient visits | 3,72,521.2 (4,19,051.5) |
60,006.18 (83,287.9) |
48,010.68 (1,12,454.4) |
0.0000 |
| Internal medicine | 91,391.4 (1,29,503.7) |
18,990.6 (31,165.4) |
12,534.8 (28,439.2) |
0.0000 |
| Surgery | 28,471.6 (41,400.0) |
5,623.1 (8,904.8) |
8,365.1 (18,076.1) |
0.0000 |
| Ob/Gyn | 42,820.8 (51,862.3) |
6,446.8 (11,973.2) |
8,423.5 (23,649.6) |
0.0000 |
| Pediatrics | 31,387.0 (79,364.0) |
3,051.6 (6,022.9) |
4,107.3 (11,671.7) |
0.0000 |
| Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) | 38,047.7 (68,017.8) |
5,998.2 (9,839.4) |
2,399.8 (4,128.2) |
0.0000 |
| Emergency room (ER) visits | 42,532.5 (48,046.8) |
7,711.5 (14,863.1) |
6,158.5 (17,050.1) |
0.0000 |
| Average occupancy rate (%) | 70.4 (33.5) |
39.0 (32.9) |
39.9 (35.0) |
0.0000 |
| Average length of stay (days) | 22.0 (159.0) |
61.2 (212.7) |
14.6 (56.6) |
0.8449 |
| Average inpatient mortality rate (per 1000 admissions) | 18.0248 (29.8192) |
37.9922 (113.1023) |
9.8640 (33.9575) |
0.8337 |
Note: The table reports variable means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for all variables except for jibie (hospital accreditation level), for which frequency is reported. The p-value column refers to the p-value on the coefficient of an ownership categorical variable (1, 2, 3) in a regression with the row variable as the dependent variable. A p-value of 0.0000 indicates that the p-value was less than 0.00005.