Table 2.

Meal challenge and hyperglycemic clamp results

	LS Mean ± SEM			P
	EXE	EXE+ROSI	ROSI	P value EXE vs. EXE+ROSI	P value EXE vs. ROSI	P value EXE+ROSI vs. ROSI
Meal challenge
n	33	34	34
Glucose AUC (mmol-min/l)
Baseline	1,783 ± 60	1,800 ± 60	1,742 ± 60
End point	1,215 ± 51*	1,140 ± 50*	1,349 ± 51*
Change	−560 ± 51	−635 ± 50	−426 ± 51	0.296	0.065	0.004
Insulin AUC (μIU-min/ml)
Baseline	6,116 ± 723	5,203 ± 712	6,797 ± 734
End point	5,024 ± 339*	4,152 ± 336*	4,050 ± 346*
Change	−999 ± 339	−1,871 ± 336	−1,973 ± 346	0.071	0.047	0.833
C-peptide AUC (nmol-min/l)
Baseline	333 ± 18	330 ± 18	342 ± 18
End point	310 ± 13	277 ± 13*	282 ± 13*
Change	−24 ± 13	−58 ± 13	−53 ± 13	0.067	0.118	0.805
I/G Index (AUC) (μIU-min/ml)/(mmol-min/l)
Baseline	3.64 ± 0.48	3.05 ± 0.47	4.10 ± 0.48
20 weeks	4.41 ± 0.27*	3.61 ± 0.27	3.06 ± 0.28
Change	0.82 ± 0.27	0.03 ± 0.27	−0.53 ± 0.28	0.041	0.001	0.160
Matsuda index
Baseline	4.0 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.6	3.4 ± 0.6
20 weeks	5.6 ± 0.8*	8.4 ± 0.8*	7.1 ± 0.8*
Change	1.6 ± 0.8	4.4 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 0.8	0.015	0.205	0.258
I/G (AUC) × Matsuda
Baseline	10.8 ± 1.0	8.8 ± 1.0	10.9 ± 1.0
20 weeks	17.1 ± 1.4*	20.4 ± 1.4*	18.4 ± 1.5*
Change	7.0 ± 1.4	10.3 ± 1.4	8.2 ± 1.5	0.111	0.550	0.325
Hyperglycemic Clamp (μIU-min/ml)
n	16	18	16
ASI-iAUC
Baseline	643 ± 107	686 ± 104	786 ± 114
20 weeks	1,449 ± 187*	896 ± 182	602 ± 200
Change	747 ± 187	195 ± 182	−100 ± 200	0.039	0.004	0.282
1st phase iAUC (0–10 min)
Baseline	6 ± 14	−10 ± 14	23 ± 15
20 weeks	105 ± 24*	59 ± 24*	17 ± 26
Change	99 ± 24	54 ± 25	12 ± 26	0.195	0.018	0.252
2nd phase iAUC (10–70 min)
Baseline	937 ± 291	740 ± 282	1,125 ± 309
20 weeks	5,436 ± 833*	3,422 ± 813*	487 ± 891
Change	4,513 ± 833	2,500 ± 813	−435 ± 891	0.09	<0.001	0.019
1st and 2nd phase iAUC (0–70 min)
Baseline	955 ± 306	742 ± 297	1,162 ± 326
20 weeks	5,611 ± 862*	3,527 ± 842*	503 ± 922
Change	4,671 ± 862	2,587 ± 842	−437 ± 922	0.09	<0.001	0.02

Data are LS means ± SEM.

*P <0.05 from baseline. Matsuda Index = $\frac{10,000}{\sqrt{\left(FPG\times FPI\right)\times \left(\overline{G}\times 1\right)}}$, where FPG and FPI = fasting plasma glucose and insulin and G̅ = average glucose during the meal challenge.