Table 1.

Macronutrient composition of the treatment groups

	CON	HP	CON+RT	HP+RT	Treatment group*	Diet†
n	16	12	17	14
Energy (kJ)	6,278 ± 648	6,321 ± 763	6,199 ± 696	6,339 ± 649	0.944	0.62
Carbohydrate (g)	197.4 ± 16.3	176.3 ± 23.7	195.0 ± 21.5	170.0 ± 23.1	0.001	<0.001
Carbohydrate (% of energy)	53.6 ± 2.6	47.4 ± 1.6	53.6 ± 3.9	45.5 ± 2.4	<0.001	<0.001
Protein (g)	68.4 ± 5.9	119.0 ± 7.8	68.0 ± 8.3	117.1 ± 6.7	<0.001	<0.001
Protein (% of energy)	18.6 ± 0.9	32.3 ± 2.8	18.7 ± 1.3	31.6 ± 2.2	<0.001	<0.001
Fat (g)	38.5 ± 7.7	30.5 ± 8.2	37.5 ± 9.6	33.7 ± 5.5	0.041	<0.01
Fat (% of energy)	22.6 ± 3.0	17.7 ± 3.0	22.3 ± 4.5	19.6 ± 1.9	0.001	<0.001
Saturated fat (% of total fat)	34.1 ± 5.5	33.9 ± 5.0	33.2 ± 2.8	34.3 ± 4.3	0.90	0.68
Polyunsaturated fat (% of total fat)	19.8 ± 4.5	22.3 ± 3.6	21.4 ± 4.5	21.0 ± 4.2	0.47	0.39
Monounsaturated fat (% of total fat)	46.1 ± 6.6	43.9 ± 4.1	45.5 ± 5.4	44.8 ± 5.1	0.74	0.32
Diet fiber (g)	31.1 ± 2.9	24.7 ± 4.0	30.5 ± 4.4	22.6 ± 4.1	<0.001	<0.001

Data are means ± SD. The treatment groups were a standard carbohydrate, low-protein, low-fat diet alone (CON) or with resistance exercise training (CON+RT), or an isocaloric higher-protein, low-fat diet alone (HP) or with resistance exercise training (HP+RT).

*Differences between groups (one-way ANOVA).

†Comparison of the difference between the diets (CON and CON+RT vs. HP and HP+RT) (planned contrast).