Table 1.
HPLC Analysis of Individual and Total Aflatoxin Recovery from Twenty Different Edible Oils Spiked at Three Concentrations.
| Sample #/Source | Aflatoxin--low level spiking (~2ppb total) | Aflatoxin--medium level spiking (~25ppb total) | Aflatoxin--high level spiking (~100ppb total) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Extraction method) | average ppb | average ppb | average ppb | ||||||||||||
| % recovery (% SD) | % recovery (% SD) | % recovery (% SD) | |||||||||||||
| G2 | G1 | B2 | B1 | Total | G2 | G1 | B2 | B1 | Total | G2 | G1 | B2 | B1 | Total | |
| Aflatoxin Std. | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 9.6 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 24.6 | 8.9 | 38.4 | 9.9 | 41.1 | 98.3 |
| 100.0 (1.3) | 100.0 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (1.7) | 100.0 | 100.0 (1.1) | 100.0 (0.6) | 100.0 (1.2) | 100.0 (1.1) | 100.0 | 100.0 (0.6) | 100.0 (0.9) | 100.0 (0.5) | 100 (0.04) | 100.0 | |
| #1/Almond | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 7.5 | 2.3 | 9.6 | 21.2 | 6.9 | 29.8 | 9.5 | 39.7 | 85.9 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (1.7) | 77.8 (3.8) | 100.0 (3.1) | 100.0 (1.7) | 90.9 | 81.8 (3.0) | 78.1 (3.1) | 92.0 (0.7) | 93.2 (0.6) | 86.2 | 77.5 (3.1) | 77.6 (1.8) | 96.0 (1.2) | 96.6 (0.7) | 87.4 |
| #2/Almond | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 8.8 | 2.4 | 9.9 | 23.1 | 8.4 | 36.2 | 10.1 | 42.1 | 96.8 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (3.0) | 88.9 (1.6) | 100.0 (3.0) | 100.0 (2.5) | 95.5 | 90.9 (2.8) | 91.7 (2.7) | 96.0 (2.0) | 96.1 (1.6) | 93.9 | 94.4 (1.0) | 94.3 (0.6) | 102.0 (1.5) | 102.4 (1.2) | 98.5 |
| #3/Almond | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 8.6 | 2.4 | 9.8 | 22.8 | 8.1 | 35.2 | 10.0 | 41.8 | 95.1 |
| (c.p.) | 100.0 (3.0) | 88.9 (4.2) | 100.0 (2.9) | 100.0 (2.6) | 95.5 | 90.9 (4.7) | 89.6 (4.0) | 96.0 (6.3) | 95.1 (5.6) | 92.7 | 91.0 (2.1) | 91.7 (0.5) | 101.1 (2.9) | 101.7 (2.6) | 96.7 |
| #4/Walnut | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 9.0 | 2.4 | 10.1 | 23.6 | 8.5 | 36.5 | 10.3 | 42.8 | 98.1 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (3.0) | 88.9 (1.6) | 100.0 (3.1) | 100.0 (9.3) | 95.5 | 99.5 (2.0) | 93.8 (1.9) | 96.0 (2.7) | 98.1 (2.8) | 95.9 | 95.5 (1.3) | 95.1 (1.1) | 104.0 (1.4) | 104.1 (1.3) | 99.8 |
| #5/Walnut | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 2.4 | 10.2 | 23.6 | 8.3 | 36.1 | 10.0 | 41.6 | 96.0 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (3.0) | 88.9 (2.4) | 100.0 (2.8) | 100.0 (2.5) | 95.5 | 90.9 (1.5) | 93.8 (1.2) | 96.0 (1.4) | 99.0 (1.2) | 95.9 | 93.3 (3.1) | 94.0 (2.4) | 101.0 (2.4) | 101.2 (2.0) | 97.7 |
| #6/Walnut | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 9.3 | 20.8 | 7.1 | 31.8 | 9.3 | 39.7 | 87.9 |
| (e.p.) | 100.0 (1.8) | 77.8 (1.0) | 100.0 (3.2) | 88.9 (2.7) | 86.4 | 77.3 (0.6) | 79.2 (0.4) | 88.0 (0.4) | 90.3 (0.5) | 84.6 | 79.8 (3.0) | 82.8 (2.2) | 93.9 (2.1) | 96.6 (1.2) | 89.4 |
| #7/Borage | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 9.3 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 23.8 | 8.8 | 38.3 | 10.0 | 41.6 | 98.7 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (1.4) | 100.0 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (2.5) | 100.0 | 95.5 (3.8) | 96.9 (4.1) | 96.0 (3.9) | 97.1 (4.0) | 96.7 | 98.9 (1.7) | 99.7 (1.6) | 101.0 (1.3) | 101.2 (1.3) | 100.4 |
| #8/Borage | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 8.9 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 22.9 | 8.1 | 36.2 | 9.6 | 40.6 | 94.5 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (3.0) | 88.9 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (0.8) | 95.5 | 90.9 (0.8) | 92.7 (0.7) | 92.0 (0.8) | 94.2 (0.5) | 93.1 | 91.0 (1.7) | 94.3 (2.6) | 97.0 (2.5) | 98.8 (2.1) | 96.1 |
| #9/Borage | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 10.1 | 24.2 | 9.1 | 39.4 | 10.3 | 42.6 | 101.4 |
| (c.p.) | 100.0 (4.2) | 88.9 (2.3) | 100.0 (3.0) | 100.0 (3.3) | 95.5 | 100.0 (0.4) | 99.0 (0.2) | 96.0 (0.5) | 98.1 (0.5) | 98.4 | 102.2 (0.6) | 102.6 (0.6) | 104.0 (0.8) | 103.6 (0.7) | 103.2 |
| #10/Eve. primrose | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 8.8 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 22.8 | 8.4 | 37.5 | 9.9 | 41.6 | 97.4 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (1.3) | 88.9 (0.8) | 100.0 (2.8) | 100.0 (1.7) | 95.5 | 90.9 (0.7) | 91.7 (1.1) | 92.0 (1.8) | 94.2 (1.8) | 92.7 | 94.4 (1.4) | 97.7 (1.1) | 100.0 (1.5) | 101.2 (1.4) | 99.1 |
| #11/Eve. primrose | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 9.5 | 2.5 | 10.4 | 24.7 | 8.8 | 38.2 | 10.0 | 42.5 | 99.5 |
| (c.p.) | 100.0 (2.9) | 88.9 (3.2) | 100.0 (4.4) | 100.0 (4.1) | 95.5 | 104.5 (1.4) | 99.0 (1.4) | 100.0 (1.1) | 101.0 (1.1) | 100.4 | 98.9 (2.5) | 99.5 (2.1) | 101.0 (2.1) | 103.4 (2.2) | 101.2 |
| #12/Eve. primrose | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 8.9 | 2.4 | 9.9 | 23.3 | 8.9 | 39.8 | 10.6 | 45.4 | 104.7 |
| (c.p.) | 100.0 (2.9) | 88.9 (2.5) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (2.6) | 95.5 | 95.5 (3.2) | 92.7 (5.7) | 96.0 (0.3) | 96.1 (1.0) | 94.7 | 100.0 (1.1) | 103.6 (1.7) | 107.1 (3.8) | 110.5 (2.0) | 106.5 |
| #13/Cottonseed | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 9.4 | 2.4 | 10.2 | 24.2 | 8.7 | 37.9 | 10.2 | 42.8 | 99.6 |
| (s.e.) | 100.0 (1.4) | 88.9 (1.6) | 100.0 (3.0) | 100.0 (1.7) | 95.5 | 100.0 (2.8) | 97.9 (2.7) | 96.0 (2.9) | 99.0 (2.8) | 98.4 | 97.8 (0.3) | 98.7 (0.6) | 103.0 (0.8) | 104.1 (0.6) | 101.3 |
| #14/Cottonseed | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 9.1 | 2.4 | 10.3 | 23.9 | 8.4 | 36.5 | 9.9 | 41.4 | 96.2 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (0.0) | 88.9 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (0.9) | 95.5 | 95.5 (3.9) | 94.8 (3.7) | 96.0 (2.8) | 100.0 (2.4) | 97.2 | 94.4 (1.1) | 95.1 (1.7) | 100.0 (2.7) | 100.7 (2.8) | 97.9 |
| #15/Perilla | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 2.4 | 10.4 | 24.9 | 9.1 | 39.4 | 9.9 | 42.0 | 100.4 |
| (c.p.) | 100.0 (2.9) | 88.9 (1.6) | 100.0 (1.6) | 100.0 (1.7) | 95.5 | 104.5 (2.7) | 102.1 (2.1) | 96.0 (2.8) | 101.0 (3.0) | 101.2 | 102.2 (1.7) | 102.6 (1.3) | 100.0 (1.0) | 102.2 (0.6) | 102.1 |
| #16/Perilla | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 10.1 | 24.2 | 8.8 | 38.6 | 10.0 | 41.6 | 99.0 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (2.9) | 88.9 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.6) | 100.0 (1.7) | 95.5 | 100.0 (1.1) | 99.0 (0.8) | 96.0 (0.1) | 98.1 (0.7) | 98.4 | 98.9 (2.6) | 100.5 (2.1) | 101.0 (2.1) | 101.2 (2.1) | 100.7 |
| #17/Peanut | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 8.8 | 2.4 | 10.4 | 23.5 | 7.7 | 35.1 | 9.6 | 40.6 | 93.0 |
| (e.p.) | 100.0 (3.3) | 88.9 (1.7) | 100.0 (1.6) | 100.0 (1.7) | 95.5 | 86.4 (1.0) | 91.7 (0.9) | 96.0 (1.3) | 101.0 (1.8) | 95.5 | 86.5 (0.4) | 91.4 (0.7) | 97.0 (1.8) | 98.8 (2.3) | 94.6 |
| #18/Soy | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 8.9 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 23.3 | 7.9 | 35.5 | 9.7 | 40.4 | 93.5 |
| (e.p.) | 100.0 (3.4) | 88.9 (1.8) | 100.0 (1.4) | 88.9 (2.7) | 90.9 | 90.9 (1.1) | 92.7 (0.6) | 96.0 (0.6) | 97.1 (0.9) | 94.7 | 88.8 (1.5) | 92.4 (1.0) | 98.0 (1.6) | 98.3 (1.7) | 95.1 |
| #19/Soy | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 2.6 | 10.8 | 25.5 | 8.9 | 39.1 | 10.4 | 43.1 | 101.5 |
| (n.s.) | 100.0 (1.4) | 100.0 (1.5) | 100.0 (1.4) | 100.0 (0.8) | 100.0 | 104.5 (3.1) | 102.1 (2.5) | 104.0 (2.2) | 104.9 (2.2) | 103.7 | 100.0 (0.4) | 101.8 (0.2) | 105.1 (0.6) | 104.9 (0.6) | 103.3 |
| #20/Soy | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 9.6 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 24.6 | 8.6 | 37.6 | 10.0 | 41.7 | 97.9 |
| (e.p.) | 100.0 (1.5) | 88.9 (0.8) | 100.0 (1.4) | 100.0 (0.9) | 95.5 | 100.0 (1.1) | 100.0 (0.8) | 100.0 (0.6) | 100.0 (0.6) | 100.0 | 96.6 (1.5) | 97.9 (1.4) | 101.0 (1.6) | 101.5 (1.4) | 99.6 |
Extraction Methods: n.s.: not specified; c.p.: cold pressed; e.p.: expeller pressed; s.e.: solvent extracted