TABLE 2.
Descriptive characteristics of quintiles (Q) 1,3, and 5 for primary dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) in 5089 men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis1
| PCA 1 dietary pattern2 |
RRR 1 dietary pattern3 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 1017) |
Q3 (n = 1018) |
Q5 (n = 1018) |
P for rend |
Q1 (n = 1017) |
Q3 (n = 1018) |
Q5 (n = 1018) |
P for trend |
|
| Dietary pattern score | −1.08 ±0.27 | −0.20 ±0.13 | 1.55±0.88 | — | −1.62 ±0.03 | 0.08±0.004 | 1.48±0.02 | — |
| White (%) | 24.7 | 46.8 | 51.1 | <0.001 | 37.0 | 50.0 | 33.8 | 0.005 |
| Chinese (%) | 31.1 | 7.5 | 1.4 | <0.001 | 47.7 | 1.4 | 0.10 | <0.001 |
| Black (%) | 13.6 | 25.5 | 35.5 | <0.001 | 9.0 | 25.4 | 38.6 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic (%) | 30.7 | 20.2 | 12.1 | <0.001 | 6.3 | 22.9 | 27.5 | <0.001 |
| Age (y) | 63.6±0.3 | 61.6±0.3 | 59.5±0.3 | <0.001 | 60.9±0.3 | 62.1±0.3 | 62.1±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Female (%) | 63.1 | 54.1 | 41.2 | <0.001 | 46.1 | 52.8 | 55.5 | <0.001 |
| High school degree (%) | 72.6 | 85.0 | 90.7 | <0.001 | 85.7 | 87.4 | 77.5 | <0.001 |
| Supplement use (%) | 66.6 | 60.8 | 48.6 | <0.001 | 65.5 | 59.4 | 47.2 | <0.001 |
| Hormone therapy use (% of women) | 26.0 | 30.5 | 27.4 | 0.33 | 25.8 | 33.9 | 25.3 | 0.92 |
| Current smokers (%) | 5.9 | 15.2 | 25.8 | <0.001 | 11.7 | 13.5 | 19.2 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 18.1 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 10.1±0.7 | 11.2±0.7 | 13.0±0.7 | 0.011 |
| Active leisure (MET-h/wk) | 41.2±1.6 | 40.8±1.6 | 42.0±1.6 | 0.72 | 42.7±1.6 | 42.7±1.6 | 36.6±1.6 | 0.016 |
| Inactive leisure (MET-h/wk) | 24.4±0.6 | 28.3±0.6 | 31.5±0.6 | <0.001 | 25.4±0.6 | 27.9±0.6 | 30.6±0.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3±0.2 | 28.1±0.2 | 29.5±0.2 | <0.001 | 25.7±0.16 | 28.1±0.16 | 29.6±0.16 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.3 ± 0.4 | 97.1 ± 0.4 | 101.8 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 91.5±0.42 | 97.1±0.42 | 101.0±0.42 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dL)4 | 1.44(1.34,1.55) | 1.86(1.73,2.00) | 2.10(1.96,2.26) | <0.001 | 1.13(1.06, 1.21) | 2.00(1.86,2.14) | 2.44(2.28, 2.62) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)4 | 1.06(1.02,1.11) | 1.16(1.11,1.21) | 1.29(1.24,1.34) | <0.001 | 0.95(0.91,0.99) | 1.20(1.15,1.25) | 1.41(1.36, 1.47) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL)4 | 334(330, 338) | 332(328, 336) | 336(332,341) | 0.87 | 319(315,323) | 336(332, 340) | 347(343, 351) | <0.001 |
| Homocysteine (µmol/L)4 | 8.49(8.33, 8.64) | 8.78(8.95, 8.19) | 9.03(8.86, 9.19) | <0.001 | 8.62(8.46, 8.77) | 8.68(8.53, 8.84) | 9.15(8.98,9.31) | <0.001 |
| Internal carotid IMT ≥75th percentile (%) | 17.0 | 22.2 | 24.5 | <0.001 | 16.1 | 23.4 | 25.3 | <0.001 |
| Common carotid IMT ≥75th percentile (%) | 18.3 | 18.0 | 21.0 | 0.041 | 13.8 | 19.0 | 23.8 | <0.001 |
| CAC Agatston score >0 (%) | 47.8 | 47.2 | 46.5 | 0.57 | 47.3 | 50.0 | 49.1 | 0.28 |
Categorical variables are presented as percentages, and continuous variables are presented as x̄ ± SEM based on general linear model regression. Tests for trend across quintiles were performed by treating the quintile variable as a linear term. MET-h/wk, metabolic equivalents in hours per week (energy needed per kilogram body weight per hour of activity divided by the energy need per kilogram of body weight per hour at rest); CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; IMT, intima media thickness; CAC, coronary artery calcium.
x̄ ± SD for factor 1 derived by PCA = 0.0 ±1.0 (by design, all PCA dietary patterns have a mean of 0 and SD of 1).
x̄ ± SD for factor 1 derived by RRR = 0.006 ± 1.14.
Original values were log transformed and are presented as geometric means (95% CIs).