TABLE 3.
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMT internal carotid artery (<1.3 versus ≥1.3 mm) PCA 1 |
||||||
PCA 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.33 (1.05, 1.67) | 1.67 (1.32, 2.11) | 2.15 (1.69, 2.72) | 2.23 (1.68, 2.95) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.52) | 1.33 (1.01, 1.73) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.57) | 0.15 |
RRR 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) | 1.55 (1.23, 1.96) | 1.64 (1.30, 2.07) | 1.50 (1.18, 1.90) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) | 1.13 (0.86, 1.48) | 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) | 0.69 |
IMT common carotid artery (<1.0 versus≥1.0 mm) |
||||||
PCA 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.33) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) | 1.38 (1.08, 1.76) | 1.62 (1.21, 2.16) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) | 0.40 |
RRR 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.44 (1.11, 1.87) | 1.40 (1.09, 1.81) | 1.54 (1.20, 1.98) | 1.71 (1.33, 2.20) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.92, 1.61) | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.67) | 1.33 (0.99, 1.79) | 0.087 |
CAC (Agatston score 0 versus >0) | ||||||
PCA 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 1.20 (0.99, 1.46) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.63) | 1.45 (1.15, 1.84) | 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) | 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) | 0.73 |
RRR 1 | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.84, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | 0.35 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.42) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) | 1.34 (1.05, 1.71) | 0.011 |
Quintile 1 is the reference category based on logistic regression and adjusted for age (y) and total energy (kcal/d) in model 1 and for age, energy, study center (Baltimore County, MD; Forsyth County, NC; Los Angeles County, CA; New York, NY; or St Paul, MN), sex (male or female), race-ethnicity (white, black, Chinese, or Hispanic), and education (less than high school, high school, or more than high school), active leisure activity (metabolic equivalents in minutes per week), inactive leisure activity (metabolic equivalents in minutes per week), smoking (never versus current and pack-years), and supplement use (at least weekly use versus nonuse) in model 2. Tests for trend across quintiles were performed by treating the quintile variable as a linear term. IMT, intima media thickness; CAC, coronary artery calcium.