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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 22.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1615–1625. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1615

TABLE 3.

Odds ratios (and 95% CIs) for risk of subclinical atherosclerosis according to quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern score for primary dietary patterns empirically derived with principal components analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) in 5089 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Athersclerosis1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 P for trend
IMT internal carotid artery
      (<1.3 versus ≥1.3 mm) PCA 1
   PCA 1
      Model 1 1.00 1.33 (1.05, 1.67) 1.67 (1.32, 2.11) 2.15 (1.69, 2.72) 2.23 (1.68, 2.95) < 0.001
      Model 2 1.00 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) 1.18 (0.91, 1.52) 1.33 (1.01, 1.73) 1.13 (0.82, 1.57) 0.15
   RRR 1
      Model 1 1.00 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) 1.55 (1.23, 1.96) 1.64 (1.30, 2.07) 1.50 (1.18, 1.90) < 0.001
      Model 2 1.00 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) 1.13 (0.86, 1.48) 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) 0.69
IMT common carotid artery
           (<1.0 versus≥1.0 mm)   
   PCA 1
      Model 1 1.00 1.05 (0.82, 1.33) 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) 1.38 (1.08, 1.76) 1.62 (1.21, 2.16) < 0.001
      Model 2 1.00 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) 0.40
   RRR 1
      Model 1 1.00 1.44 (1.11, 1.87) 1.40 (1.09, 1.81) 1.54 (1.20, 1.98) 1.71 (1.33, 2.20) < 0.001
      Model 2 1.00 1.21 (0.92, 1.61) 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) 1.24 (0.93, 1.67) 1.33 (0.99, 1.79) 0.087
CAC (Agatston score 0 versus >0)
   PCA 1
      Model 1 1.00 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) 1.20 (0.99, 1.46) 1.34 (1.09, 1.63) 1.45 (1.15, 1.84) 0.001
      Model 2 1.00 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) 0.73
   RRR 1
      Model 1 1.00 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) 1.02 (0.84, 1.24) 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) 0.35
      Model 2 1.00 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) 1.13 (0.89, 1.42) 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) 1.34 (1.05, 1.71) 0.011
1

Quintile 1 is the reference category based on logistic regression and adjusted for age (y) and total energy (kcal/d) in model 1 and for age, energy, study center (Baltimore County, MD; Forsyth County, NC; Los Angeles County, CA; New York, NY; or St Paul, MN), sex (male or female), race-ethnicity (white, black, Chinese, or Hispanic), and education (less than high school, high school, or more than high school), active leisure activity (metabolic equivalents in minutes per week), inactive leisure activity (metabolic equivalents in minutes per week), smoking (never versus current and pack-years), and supplement use (at least weekly use versus nonuse) in model 2. Tests for trend across quintiles were performed by treating the quintile variable as a linear term. IMT, intima media thickness; CAC, coronary artery calcium.