Table 2.
Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of prostate cancer (PCa) according to quintile of baseline concentrations of plasma adiponectin and leptina
| Quintile categories according to baseline plasma adiponectin concentration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (ref.) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P,trend | |
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| Median concentration (range, mg/L) b |
2.8 (0.3 – 3.8) |
4.7 (3.9 – 5.5) |
6.4 (5.6 – 7.2) |
8.6 (7.3 – 10.4) |
13.1 (10.5 – 31.9) |
|
| Overall PCa (599 cases and 599 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 131/119 | 116/120 | 116/120 | 140/120 | 96/120 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.59-1.26) |
0.85 (0.58-1.25) |
1.04 (0.73-1.49) |
0.69 (0.47-1.03) |
0.18 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.53-1.27) |
1.00 (0.66-1.53) |
1.13 (0.75-1.69) |
0.73 (0.46-1.14) |
0.38 |
| High grade PCa c (115 cases and 115 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 27/20 | 21/18 | 20/31 | 30/22 | 17/24 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.32-2.11) |
0.47 (0.20-1.10) |
0.95 (0.42-2.16) |
0.49 (0.20-1.22) |
0.25 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 0.29 (0.08-1.06) |
0.23 (0.07-0.72) |
0.37 (0.12-1.16) |
0.23 (0.06-0.83) |
0.08 |
| Lethal PCa c (117 cases and 117 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 29/23 | 26/23 | 24/20 | 28/32 | 10/19 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.27-1.76) |
0.70 (0.24-2.03) |
0.53 (0.21-1.32) |
0.25 (0.07-0.87) |
0.02 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.26-2.26) |
0.97 (0.26-3.53) |
0.69 (0.24-1.98) |
0.61 (0.12-2.99) |
0.44 |
| Leptin | ||||||
| Median concentration (range, μg/L) b |
2.3 (0.8 – 3.2) |
3.9 (3.3 – 4.6) |
5.5 (4.7– 6.5) |
8.0 (6.6 – 10.0) |
14.1 (10.1 – 50.6) |
|
| Overall PCa (635 cases and 635 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 121/127 | 128/127 | 129/127 | 131/127 | 126/127 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.74-1.52) |
1.07 (0.75-1.54) |
1.09 (0.76-1.56) |
1.05 (0.73-1.51) |
0.90 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.67-1.49) |
1.07 (0.70-1.64) |
1.10 (0.71-1.71) |
1.06 (0.65-1.72) |
0.8 |
| High grade PCa c (124 cases and 124 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 23/26 | 24/28 | 20/27 | 29/23 | 28/20 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.46-2.22) |
0.83 (0.37-1.85) |
1.58 (0.68-3.68) |
1.74 (0.76-4.00) |
0.12 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.30-1.89) |
0.52 (0.19-1.46) |
1.04 (0.36-3.02) |
1.29 (0.44-3.80) |
0.34 |
| Lethal PCa c (121 cases and 121 controls) | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 24/26 | 26/30 | 25/24 | 23/25 | 23/16 | |
| Simple model | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.43-2.14) |
1.22 (0.54-2.77) |
0.99 (0.44-2.26) |
1.69 (0.67-4.23) |
0.24 |
| Simple model + BMI + C-peptide | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.25-1.74) |
0.58 (0.19-1.79) |
0.41 (0.12-1.45) |
0.94 (0.25-3.51) |
0.81 |
All analyses were performed using conditional logistic regression models adjusting for matching factors (age and smoking status at baseline); p-values for trend were calculated using median of quintiles as a continuous variable. Clinical stage for cases was determined on the basis of the TNM staging; high-grade PCa included men with poorly differentiated or Gleason 8-10 tumor; cases who had unknown stage and grade (and matched controls) were excluded from subgroup analyses.
Medians and range calculated among control subjects only.
Metastatic/Fatal PCa included patients with stage D PCa at diagnosis and those who developed metastases or death due to PCa during the follow-up.