Table 4.

Detection of Specific ARV Drug Resistance Mutations among 51 Study Participants^a

Mutation	Number of participants with mutations (%)
NRTI
M184V	46 (90.2)
TAMs
M41L	13 (25.5)
D67N	18 (35.3)
K70R	10 (19.6)
L210W	2 (3.9)
T215F/Y	16 (31.4)
K219Q/E	6 (11.8)
M41L + L210W + T215F/Y	2 (3.9)
D67N + K70R + K219Q/E	6 (11.8)
≥3 TAMs	19 (37.3)
Non-TAMS
K65R	1 (2.0)
K70E	1 (2.0)
L74V/I	5 (9.8)
V75T/M	3 (5.9)
Multi-NRTI
V75I	2 (3.9)
NNRTI
A98G	7 (13.7)
K101E/P	11 (21.6)
K103N/S	14 (27.5)
V106M	4 (7.8)
V108I	6 (11.8)
Y181C/I	10 (19.6)
Y188L	4 (7.8)
G190A/S/E	11 (21.6)
F227L	1 (2.0)
M230L	1 (2.0)
Major PI mutations
M46I	1 (2.0)
G48V	1 (2.0)
I54V	3 (5.9)
G73S	1 (2.0)
V82A/F	2 (3.9)
I84V	1 (2.0)
L90M	2 (3.9)

^aThe table shows the number of study participants with specific ARV drug resistance mutations. Abbreviations for drug classes are provided in the Materials and Methods section. NRTI mutations are classified as thymidine analog mutations (TAMs), non-TAMs, and multi-NRTI mutations (mutations conferring resistance to multiple NRTIs). Other NRTI resistance-associated mutations were detected, including accessory mutations (E44A/D, n = 5; V118I, n = 5) and mutations selected in treatment (T69A/D, n = 4; K219N, n = 1). Four (8%) had three or more resistance mutations that have been associated with significantly reduced susceptibility to etravrine, a second-generation NNRTI (data not shown). Major PI mutations have been shown to reduce PI susceptibility in vitro and/or to reduce the virologic response to therapy; some of these mutations are relative contraindications to the use of specific PIs.¹⁴ Other PI resistance-associated mutations were detected, including accessory mutations (L10I, n = 1; I13V, n = 3; K20R, n = 5; M36I, n = 43; K43T, n = 1; K65R, n = 4; A71V/T, n = 4; V75I, n = 2; V77I, n = 1), and F53L, n = 1.