TABLE 1.

Effects of angiotensin II related to the development of heart failure

Vascular	Vasoconstriction Vascular smooth muscle cell growth Endothelial dysfunction Cholesterol uptake into vessels
Kidney and adrenal gland	Aldosterone release Na+ retention and K+ loss
Brain	Modulation of central sympathetic outflow Inhibition of baroreceptor reflex Vasopressin release with water retention
Heart	Ventricular remodelling Myocyte hypertrophy Increased interstitial collagen formation and matrix stimulation