Table 1.
Characteristics of Women Having Live Births (N = 8487)
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Mean age (SD) | 30.0 (6.4) |
| Race/ethnicitya | |
| Hispanic | 3663 (43.2) |
| Black | 2880 (33.9) |
| White | 1093 (12.9) |
| Asian | 189 (2.2) |
| Other | 334 (4.0) |
| Marital statusa | |
| Married or domestic partner | 3525 (41.5) |
| Single | 4575 (53.9) |
| Divorced or separated | 210 (2.5) |
| Widowed | 12 (.1) |
| Employment statusa | |
| Employed | 4254 (50.1) |
| Unemployed | 4232 (49.9) |
| Level of maternal educationa | |
| Less than high school diploma | 1739 (20.5) |
| High school diploma | 3310 (39.0) |
| Some college or more | 3400 (40.1) |
| Insurancea,b | |
| Private insurance | 6027 (71.0) |
| Public insurance | 1841 (21.7) |
| Self-pay | 567 (6.7) |
| Median proportion in poverty by neighborhood (range)a | 26 (0–100) |
| Hospitalizations during pregnancy | |
| 1 | 7938 (93.5) |
| 2–8 | 549 (6.5) |
| Prenatal care indicators | |
| Evidence of prenatal laboratory tests | 6294 (74.2) |
| Mean number of prenatal visits (range) | 8.8 (2–20) |
| Initiation of prenatal carea | |
| 1st trimester | 7711 (90.9) |
| 2nd–3rd trimester | 775 (9.1) |
| Maternal HIV statusc | |
| Negative | 8411 (99.1) |
| Positive | 76 (0.9) |
| Birth outcomes | |
| Singleton gestation | 8356 (98.5) |
| Multiple gestation | 131 (1.5) |
| Low birth weight (<2500 gs) | 674 (7.9) |
| Obstetrical diagnoses | |
| Third-trimester bleeding | 23 (0.3) |
| Eclampsia or convulsions | 22 (0.3) |
| Abrupted placenta | 45 (0.5) |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 48 (0.6) |
| Preterm labor | 481 (5.7) |
| Placenta previa | 45 (0.5) |
| Maternal or newborn drug testing | 244 (2.9) |
a
There were missing values for race (n = 328), marital status (n = 165), employment status (n = 1), maternal education (n = 38), insurance (n = 52), poverty status (n = 27), initiation of prenatal care (n = 1).
b
Some patients with managed care Medicaid (public insurance) are classified as having private insurance because the payer is the managed care plan.
c
Maternal HIV status was derived from available results of either maternal HIV testing, newborn HIV testing, or newborn receipt of zidovudine.