Table 1.
Characteristic | n (%) |
---|---|
Mean age (SD) | 30.0 (6.4) |
Race/ethnicitya | |
Hispanic | 3663 (43.2) |
Black | 2880 (33.9) |
White | 1093 (12.9) |
Asian | 189 (2.2) |
Other | 334 (4.0) |
Marital statusa | |
Married or domestic partner | 3525 (41.5) |
Single | 4575 (53.9) |
Divorced or separated | 210 (2.5) |
Widowed | 12 (.1) |
Employment statusa | |
Employed | 4254 (50.1) |
Unemployed | 4232 (49.9) |
Level of maternal educationa | |
Less than high school diploma | 1739 (20.5) |
High school diploma | 3310 (39.0) |
Some college or more | 3400 (40.1) |
Insurancea,b | |
Private insurance | 6027 (71.0) |
Public insurance | 1841 (21.7) |
Self-pay | 567 (6.7) |
Median proportion in poverty by neighborhood (range)a | 26 (0–100) |
Hospitalizations during pregnancy | |
1 | 7938 (93.5) |
2–8 | 549 (6.5) |
Prenatal care indicators | |
Evidence of prenatal laboratory tests | 6294 (74.2) |
Mean number of prenatal visits (range) | 8.8 (2–20) |
Initiation of prenatal carea | |
1st trimester | 7711 (90.9) |
2nd–3rd trimester | 775 (9.1) |
Maternal HIV statusc | |
Negative | 8411 (99.1) |
Positive | 76 (0.9) |
Birth outcomes | |
Singleton gestation | 8356 (98.5) |
Multiple gestation | 131 (1.5) |
Low birth weight (<2500 gs) | 674 (7.9) |
Obstetrical diagnoses | |
Third-trimester bleeding | 23 (0.3) |
Eclampsia or convulsions | 22 (0.3) |
Abrupted placenta | 45 (0.5) |
Intrauterine growth restriction | 48 (0.6) |
Preterm labor | 481 (5.7) |
Placenta previa | 45 (0.5) |
Maternal or newborn drug testing | 244 (2.9) |
There were missing values for race (n = 328), marital status (n = 165), employment status (n = 1), maternal education (n = 38), insurance (n = 52), poverty status (n = 27), initiation of prenatal care (n = 1).
Some patients with managed care Medicaid (public insurance) are classified as having private insurance because the payer is the managed care plan.
Maternal HIV status was derived from available results of either maternal HIV testing, newborn HIV testing, or newborn receipt of zidovudine.