Table 2.
Individual phenotypic traits, coefficients of variation of crude data and off-springs phenotypic means corrected by the Sh major gene effect, estimated for each parent of the 2 × 2 complete factorial mating design
| N | Trait | Acronym | Coefficients of variation (%) | Phenotypic means corrected by the Sh effect | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 × 2 factorial | Intra-cross | Inter-cross | DELI parent | AFRICA parent | ||||||||
| 1 | Fruit variety | Type | dura | tenera | dura | tenera | dura | tenera | DA10D | LM269D | LM2T | LM718T |
| Production | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Average bunch number/palm/year at 3–5 years | Bn3_5 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 12.8 | 13.3 | 27.3a | 26.2b | 29.2a | 23.6b |
| 3 | Average bunch weight at 3–5 years (kg) | Bwt3_5 | 30.6 | 30.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 5.1a | 6.2b | 5.0a | 7.1b |
| 4 | Fresh fruit bunch yield/palm/year at 3–5 years (kg/palm/year) | FFB3_5 | 20.1 | 19.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 136.2a | 145.7b | 143.1a | 152.3b |
| 5 | Palm oil yield/palm/year at 3–5 years (ton/ha/year) | PO3_5 | 24.8 | 22.4 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 4.0a | 4.5b | 4.3a | 4.7b |
| 6 | Average bunch number/palm/year at 6–9 years | Bn6_9 | 38.6 | 35.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 34.1 | 31.6 | 18.0a | 12.4b | 17.5a | 11.7b |
| 7 | Average bunch weight at 6–9 years (kg) | Bwt6_9 | 34.6 | 34.3 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 29.4 | 31.4 | 13.3a | 18.1b | 13.2a | 20.7b |
| 8 | Fresh fruit bunch yield/palm/year at 6–9 years (kg/palm/year) | FFB6_9 | 16.2 | 17.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 219.9a | 196.7b | 216.5a | 215.2a |
| 9 | Palm oil yield/palm/year at 6–9 years (ton/ha/year) | PO6_9 | 21.5 | 19.0 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 6.6a | 6.2b | 6.5a | 6.8a |
| Bunch components | ||||||||||||
| 10 | Average weight of the analysed bunch (kg) | aBwt | 35.3 | 40.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 28.9 | 34.2 | 18.0a | 24.2b | 17.4a | 28.9b |
| 11 | Average number of spikelets per bunch | Spikelets | – | – | 2.4 | 2.6 | – | – | ||||
| 12 | Average number of fruits per bunch | Fn | 35.1 | 34.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 1,388.2a | 1,959.4b | 1,390.8a | 1,949.3b |
| 13 | Average weight of the fruit (g) | Fwt | 18.9 | 19.5 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 10.6 | 13.4 | 8.9a | 8.6a | 8.9a | 10.8b |
| 14 | Fruit to bunch ratio (%) | %FB | 4.5 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 66.4a | 68.0b | 66.9a | 69.4b |
| 15 | Pulp to fruit ratio (%) | %PF | 9.1 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 68.5a | 68.9a | 68.5a | 69.9b |
| 16 | Palm oil to pulp ratio (%) | %POP | 6.7 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 56.4a | 56.1a | 55.1a | 54.4a |
| 17 | Palm oil industrial extraction rate (%) | IER | 13.5 | 11.0 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 21.9a | 22.6b | 21.8a | 22.9b |
| 18 | Iodine value (proportion of unsaturated fatty acids) | I | 9.7 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 54.5a | 54.0a | 55.0a | 52.3b |
| 19 | Kernel to fruit ratio (%) | %KF | 16.8 | 19.9 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 9.8a | 9.5a | 10.5a | 9.9b |
| Vegetative growth | ||||||||||||
| 20 | Stem height (m) | Ht | 9.6 | 9.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 685.6a | 684.1a | 644.8a | 660.8a |
| 21 | Average number of leaves per crown | Leaf_n | 18.1 | 16.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 33.8a | 35.9b | 34.1a | 38.0b |
| 22 | Average length of the leaf L17 (cm) | L17_L | 7.0 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 636.1a | 657.3b | 647.3a | 652.9a |
| 23 | Petiole average width of the leaf L17 (cm) | P_W | 14.9 | 9.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 9.3a | 9.2a | 8.9a | 10.1b |
| 24 | Petiole average thickness of the leaf L17 (cm) | P_T | 9.5 | 8.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 4.7a | 4.5b | 4.6a | 4.6a |
| 25 | Average number of leaflets per leaf L17 | Lt_n | 4.8 | 4.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 169.1a | 171.7b | 174.1a | 172.9a |
| 26 | Leaflet average length of the leaf L17 (cm) | Lt_L | 8.9 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 107.9a | 96.4b | 96.2a | 104.8b |
| 27 | Leaflet average width of the leaf L17 (cm) | Lt_W | 11.0 | 10.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 10.8 | 8.6 | 6.1a | 6.8b | 6.8a | 6.0b |
IER = 0.855 × %FB × %PF × %POP/10,000
The means are compared according to the Tukey’s test at the risk threshold α of 5%
The letter a or b indicates the significant identical or different means within each of the two genetic backgrounds DELI or AFRICA