Figure 3.

Phylogenetic tree reconstruction of the newly defined South Asian-specific haplogroup M52, based on 10 complete mtDNA genomes. This tree was redrawn manually from the output of median joining/reduced network obtained using NETWORK program (version 4.5) http://www.fluxus-engineering.com. The published sequence is shown with the initials of the first author (CS).³⁷ Coalescent times were calculated by a calibration method described elsewhere.⁴⁶ 16182C, 16183C and 16519 polymorphisms were omitted. Suffixes A, C, G and T indicate transversions. Synonymous (s) and nonsynonymous (ns) mutations are distinguished. Recurrent mutations are underlined.