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Lack of inhibitory effects of NBD peptides on NF-κB signaling intermediates upstream of the IKK complex and MAPK pathway. RASF were treated with the indicated concentrations of NBD peptides (A and C) or PHA-408 (A) or IRAK-4 inhibitor (B) for 30 min, followed by stimulation with 1 ng/ml IL-1β for 10 min. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot. Tubulin was used as a control for protein loading. NS, nonstimulation. NBD peptides used were IKK-2 11-mer. Mut, mutant.
