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Aminoacylation and amino acid fidelity pathways: The aaRSs activate amino acid (aa) by forming an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate and then the amino acid is transferred to the cognate tRNAaa isoacceptor. When a non-cognate amino acid (xx) is misactivated, it might be cleared by a pre-transfer editing mechanism that hydrolyzes the transient aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Alternatively, the mischarged xx-tRNAaa is deacylated by the aaRS in a post-transfer editing mechanism.
