Figure 3.

Proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells drives the size and the localization of the HIV reservoir. (a) Correlation between the absolute CD4⁺ count and the level of cellular proliferation, as measured by intracellular Ki67 expression in CD4⁺ T cells from 33 individuals receiving potent HAART. (b) Correlation between the size of the HIV reservoir and the frequencies of Ki67⁺ cells within total CD4⁺ T cells. The frequency of cells harboring HIV integrated DNA in total CD4⁺ T cells from 33 individuals was determined by Alu real-time PCR. (c) Correlation between the T_CM/T_TM+EM infection frequency ratio and the expression of Ki67 on total CD4⁺ T cells in the 17 subjects on whom HIV quantifications in CD4⁺ T cell subsets were performed. (d) Correlations between contributions of T_CM and T_TM+EM cells to the HIV reservoir and the expression of Ki67 in the same individuals as in a–c. (e) Percentage of CD4⁺ T cells from each cellular subset expressing Ki67 and PD-1. (f) Correlations between the contribution of a given CD4⁺ T cell subset to the HIV reservoir and the expression of Ki67 and PD-1. (g) Correlation between PD-1 and Ki67 expression in total CD4⁺ T cells. (h) T_CM cells and T_TM cells from three and four virally suppressed subjects were sorted according to their relative expression of PD-1. The frequency of cells harboring HIV proviral DNA was determined in both fractions by Alu real-time PCR.