. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Aug 6;18(2):300–307. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.235

Table 3.

Self-reported dietary intake and physical activity in water and nonwater groups before and after the 12-week intervention

	Water group		Nonwater group
	Baseline	Week 12	Baseline	Week 12
Total diet
Energy, kcal/d^a	1,991 ± 131	1,454 ± 95	2,085 ± 134	1,511 ± 98
Weight, g/d^b	2,616 ± 148	3,226 ± 228	2,884 ± 152	2,699 ± 234
Carbohydrate (% energy)	48.5 ± 2.0	51.1 ± 2.6	47.1 ± 2.1	48.7 ± 2.7
Protein (% energy)^a	16.1 ± 0.7	18.0 ± 0.6	15.6 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 0.6
Fat (% energy)	35.2 ± 1.4	31.5 ± 2.0	33.8 ± 1.4	32.4 ± 2.1
Energy density, kcal/g^c ^d	0.78 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.05	0.74 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.05
Beverages only
Energy, kcal/d^a	235 ± 30	148 ± 24	292 ± 31	156 ± 25
Weight, g/d^b	1,588 ± 121	2,287 ± 157	1,762 ± 124	1,372 ± 161
Water consumption, g/d^b	306 ± 98	1,291 ± 111	446 ± 100	323 ± 114
Weight, excluding water, g/d^a	1,283 ± 116	996 ± 108	1,316 ± 119	1,048 ± 111
Energy density, including water, kcal/g^a	0.15 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.02
Energy density, excluding water, kcal/g^a	0.20 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.03	0.24 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.03
Food only
Energy, kcal/d^a	1,756 ± 126	1,306 ± 85	1,793 ± 129	1,355 ± 88
Weight, g/d	1,027 ± 78	939 ± 145	1,123 ± 80	1,327 ± 149
Energy density, kcal/g^a	1.74 ± 0.08	1.44 ± 0.10	1.63 ± 0.08	1.26 ± 0.10
Physical activity, steps/d	7,073 ± 717	7,349 ± 682	6,749 ± 807	7,051 ± 767

Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Significant main effect of time, P < 0.01.

Significant group by time interaction, P < 0.05.

Calculated with all foods and beverages, including water.

Significant group by time interaction, P < 0.01.