TABLE IV.
Preoperative Characteristics According to Group
| Handrail Use at Three Months |
Handrail Use at Two Years |
|||||
| Variable* | No Handrail | Handrail | P Value | No Handrail | Handrail | P Value |
| Age†(yr) | 62.6 ± 8.4 | 67.7 ± 8.9 | 0.005‡ | 62.4 ± 7.6 | 68.4 ± 9.1 | 0.001‡ |
| Height†(m) | 1.7 ± 10.1 | 1.72 ± 0.1 | 0.753 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.263 |
| Weight†(kg) | 88.6 ± 15.2 | 91.6 ± 18.7 | 0.404 | 92.9 ± 20.4 | 89.1 ± 15.1 | 0.269 |
| BMI†(kg/m2) | 30.2 ± 4.1 | 31.1 ± 5.8 | 0.434 | 31.0 ± 5.3 | 30.8 ± 5.2 | 0.845 |
| Stair-climbing task†(s) | 25.0 ± 10.6 | 28.3 ± 12.5 | 0.175 | 25.6 ± 9.0 | 28.2 ± 10.2 | 0.267 |
| KOS-ADLS score†(%) | 52.0 ± 17.3 | 49.3 ± 16.4 | 0.448 | 49.6 ± 17.3 | 50.1 ± 16.3 | 0.673 |
| Quadriceps index†(%) | 87.5 ± 36.1 | 85.5 ± 28.1 | 0.797 | 93.2 ± 33.7 | 80.0 ± 27.1 | 0.029‡ |
| Quadriceps strength†(N/BMI) | ||||||
| Operative side | 18.7 ± 8.0 | 19.7 ± 8.0 | 0.54 | 21.3 ± 7.7 | 17.7 ± 7.7 | 0.022‡ |
| Nonoperative side | 23.2 ± 9.8 | 23.7 ± 8.2 | 0.766 | 24.7 ± 9.6 | 22.6 ± 8.0 | 0.233 |
| Range of motion†(deg) | ||||||
| Extension | 4.1 ± 5.1 | 3.9 ± 4.5 | 0.885 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 4.2 ± 4.1 | 0.91 |
| Flexion | 118.7 ± 14.8 | 118.1 ± 13.7 | 0.821 | 118.0 ± 15.0 | 118.9 ± 13.1 | 0.745 |
| Male:female ratio (%) | 53:47 | 58:42 | 0.381 | 59:41 | 53:47 | 0.333 |
| Preop. handrail use (yes/no) (%) | 47/53 | 72/28 | 0.012‡ | 54/46 | 76/24 | 0.002‡ |
| Pattern (step-over/step-to) (%) | 82/18 | 73/27 | 0.245 | 76/24 | 76/24 | 0.581 |
*
BMI = body mass index; KOS-ADLS = Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale.
†
The values are given as the mean and the standard deviation.
‡
Similar to the logistic regression, preoperative age, handrail use, and quadriceps index were significantly different between the handrail groups.