Figure 3. Call rates of elephants responding to sound and rumble playbacks.

Mean call rates per minute (±1 SEM) recorded during the pre-stimulus, stimulus, and post-stimulus phases of bee (n = 15) and white noise (n = 13) playback trials. Elephants in bee playback trials responded to the stimuli with a significantly higher call rate in both the stimulus and post-stimuli phases compared to the pre-stimulus phase, but did not do so for white noise playback trials.