Table II. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival since the start of gemcitabine therapy (n = 304).
Factors except sex are regarded as continuous variables. A forward stepwise selection based on Akaike's information criterion was used to select parameters for multivariate analysis. p values of <0.050 are shown in bold. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | p | Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.380 | ||
| Female sex (vs. male) | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | 0.610 | ||
| ECOG performance status | 1.49 (1.22–1.80) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.11–1.67) | 0.003 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 0.70 (0.33–1.50) | 0.360 | ||
| Leukocytes | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.066 |
| Platelets | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 0.450 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.098 | ||
| Albumin (g/dl) | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) | 0.001 | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.13 (0.60–2.14) | 0.700 | ||
| AST (IU/liter) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | ||
| ALT (IU/liter) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.033 | ||
| ALP | 1.09 (1.06–1.11) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | <0.0001 |
| α1-Antitrypsinb | 5.92 (3.09–11.37) | <0.0001 | 3.66 (1.89–7.11) | 0.0001 |
| α1-Antichymotrypsinb | 11.60 (2.69–50.01) | 0.001 | ||
| Clinical stage IVac (vs. IVb) | 1.10 (0.85–1.38) | 0.453 | ||
a Hazard ratios are per 1,000/mm3 increase for leukocytes, per 10 × 104/mm3 increase for platelets, and per 100 units/liter increase for ALP. Hazard ratios for other continuous variables are per 1 unit increase for each variable.
b Logarithmic variable determined by reverse-phase protein microarray.
c According to Ref. 23.