Table 3.

Prevalence of Repetitive Circulating DNA in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Versus Healthy Control Subjects

	Statistically significant MS dysregulation versus healthy CNA
Repetitive element	MS	P	AMS	P	SMS	P	Comments
LINE							All LINE elements decreased in MS regardless of disease activity
L1MA4	↓	0.0003	↓	0.0021
L1M5	↓	<0.0001	↓	<0.0001
L1MC	↓	0.0004			↓	0.0002
L1MD	↓	<0.0001	↓	0.0008	↓	0.0008
Small repeats							Mixed levels of the small repeat repetitive elements characterize disease activity; decrease of AT rich versus healthy controls equivalent in both relapsing and remitting MS
(TG)n	↑	<0.0001			↑	<0.0001
(TC)n					↑	0.0025
AT_rich	↓	<0.0001	↓	<0.0001	↓	<0.0001
(GGTTG)n	↑	<0.0001
LTRs							LTR elements clearly distinguish between relapsing and remitting MS
CER					↑	0.0007
LTR16A					↑	0.0084
HervK-int			↓	0.0015
Satellite			↓	0.0009			Decreased levels during acute disease activity
MVR analysis		0.0001		0.0001		0.0001	All MVR analyses using the indicated repetitive elements are highly significant

Repetitive elements were used in the predictive algorithms for each category (all MS, relapsing MS, and stable MS). Complete quantitative data on all repetitive data and MVR formulas are available in Supplemental Tables S5 to S8 (see http://jmd.amjpathol.org).

AMS, relapsing (acute) MS; SMS, remitting (stable) MS.