Table 4. Adjusted mean (95% CI) by place of origin for men and women, adjusted for BMI, occupation, age, age group, and factory including a random effect of sibling pair.
| Risk Factors | Men | Women | ||||||||
| Urban | Migrants | Rural | p for Trend | Test Urban = Migrant | Urban | Migrants | Rural | p for Trend | Test Urban = Migrant | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 124.9 (124.0–125.9) | 124.3 (123.4–125.2) | 124.2 (123.4–125.0) | 0.51 | 0.34 | 118.8 (117.8–119.9) | 118.6 (117.6–119.6) | 120.5 (119.2–121.8) | 0.05 | 0.74 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.70 (4.63–4.77) | 4.71 (4.65–4.78) | 4.63 (4.57–4.69) | 0.08 | 0.86 | 4.79 (4.71–4.86) | 4.78 (4.71–4.85) | 4.79 (4.70–4.88) | 0.96 | 0.90 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.86 (2.80–2.92) | 2.89 (2.83–2.94) | 2.80 (2.75–2.86) | 0.11 | 0.60 | 2.94 (2.88–3.01) | 2.96 (2.90–3.02) | 2.93 (2.85–3.01) | 0.87 | 0.76 |
| Triglycerides a (mmol/l) | 1.38 (1.34–1.42) | 1.36 (1.32–1.39) | 1.34 (1.31–1.38) | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.31 (1.27–1.34) | 1.24 (1.20–1.27) | 1.31 (1.27–1.36) | 0.99 | 0.01 |
| Fasting blood glucose a (mmol/l) | 5.27 (5.21–5.34) | 5.26 (5.20–5.32) | 5.16 (5.11–5.21) | 0.005 | 0.69 | 5.17 (5.11–5.24) | 5.12 (5.06–5.18) | 5.12 (5.04–5.20) | 0.28 | 0.20 |
| Fasting insulin a (mU/l) | 5.60 (5.32–5.89) | 5.34 (5.08–5.61) | 5.23 (5.00–5.47) | 0.05 | 0.19 | 5.46 (5.16–5.78) | 5.74 (5.44–6.05) | 5.89 (5.50–6.30) | 0.10 | 0.21 |
| HOMA score a | 1.23 (1.17–1.30) | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) | 1.15 (1.09–1.20) | 0.06 | 0.34 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | 1.30 (1.21–1.39) | 0.10 | 0.33 |
| MET h/d | 37.94 (37.69–38.19) | 38.00 (37.74–38.26) | 39.84 (39.61–40.07) | <0.0001 | 0.75 | 36.81 (36.60–37.01) | 36.85 (36.64–37.06) | 37.77 (37.51–38.04) | <0.0001 | 0.75 |
| Fat intake a (g/d) | 89.64 (87.42–91.91) | 86.70 (84.64–88.80) | 73.67 (72.09–75.29) | <0.0001 | 0.06 | 75.36 (73.43–77.34) | 70.76 (69.02–72.55) | 60.22 (58.35–62.16) | <0.0001 | 0.0006 |
| Hypertension b | 1.25 (0.96–1.63) | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 1 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) | 0.78 (0.56–1.07) | 1 | 0.92 | 0.18 |
| Diabetic b | 1.86 (1.31–2.65) | 1.65 (1.17–2.32) | 1 | 0.0007 | 0.43 | 1.85 (1.06–3.24) | 1.79 (1.05–3.03) | 1 | 0.05 | 0.86 |
| Fasting blood glucose >7 mmol/l b | 1.78 (1.10–2.88) | 1.86 (1.16–2.98) | 1 | 0.03 | 0.82 | 1.62 (0.80–3.31) | 1.61 (0.80–3.25) | 1 | 0.25 | 0.97 |
a
Geometric mean.
b
Odds ratios (95% CI) for the risk of disease in a sibling compared to a rural sibling, adjusted for BMI, occupation, age, age group, and factory with an individual-specific random effect of sib-pair.
LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.