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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2010 Jan 21;22(7):977–983. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.01.010

Figure 3. Proposed feed-forward loop underlying AD pathogenesis.

Figure 3

The accumulation of Aβ can induce microglial activation and the production of TNF-α. Furthermore, TNF-α has been shown to elicit several neuronal responses, including the heightened generation of Aβ. This feed-forward process is shown in a loop diagram. The resolution of which, through TNF-α signaling interventions, could result in the amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.