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Role of DNA methylation in gene silencing. (A) Methylation-free DNA allows binding of transcription factors and is transcriptionally active. (B) Methyl groups are added to CpGs in promoter regions by DNMTs and are recognized by methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MBPs). (C) MBPs are coupled to chromatin remodeling complexes that lead to a closed promoter configuration through histone modifications such as deacetylation and trimethylation of H3K9.
