(a) UV difference UV/Vis spectra recorded at various times during the reaction of apoFbp (10 μM) with 2.0 mol equivalents of [Nb(NTA)2]− in 10 mM Hepes buffer, 5 mM phosphate, pH 7.4, 310 K. (b) Time course for reactions of apo-Fbp (ca. 10 μM) with 2 mol equivalents of [Nb(NTA)2]− in the 10 mM Hepes buffer, 5 mM phosphate, pH 7.4, 310 K, as a plot of molar absorptivity versus time for reaction. (c) Difference UV/Vis spectra for the titration of apoFbp (10 μM) with [Nb(NTA)2]− in 10 mM Hepes buffer, 5 mM phosphate, pH 7.4, 310 K (1 h equilibration). Molar ratios of Nb-complexes: apo-Fbp from bottom to top: are 0–2.0 in 0.2 mol equivalent steps, then 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0. (d) Titration curve for the reaction in (C), and Δε is the absorbance at 245 nm divided by the Fbp concentration.