Table 4.
Mean and Median Levels of Pro-Inflammatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Miscellaneous Cytokines and Chemokines, within 48 h of ICU Admission
| p Values | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trauma | Infected, non-trauma | Non-infected, non-trauma | All groups | Infected versus non-infected | Infected versus trauma | Non-infected versus trauma | ||
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines | ||||||||
| IL-1 | 8.8 ± 1.2 2.7 (2.7, 5.2) |
7.3 ± 0.7 2.7 (2.7, 4.4) |
8.5 ± 1.2 2.7 (2.7,2.9) |
0.0314 | 0.3977 | 0.1361 | 0.0111 | |
| IL-2 | 14.3 ± 1.8 3.2 (2.7, 12.7) |
21.7 ± 6.8 3.7 (2.7, 14.5) |
13.3 ± 2.5 2.7 (2.7, 10.9) |
0.1642 | ||||
| IL-6 | 363.2 ± 36.5 144.1 (57.3, 320.6) |
529.0 ± 63.1 170.9 (45.4, 497.3) |
408.2 ± 46.5 120.0 (43.0, 393.7) |
0.2041 | ||||
| IL-12 | 16.5 ± 3.0 2.7 (2.7, 9.8) |
45.2 ± 17.2 2.7 (2.7, 12.8) |
58.0 ± 26.1 2.7 (2.7, 9.1) |
0.102 | ||||
| IFN | 15.0 ± 1.7 3.2 (2.7, 10.7) |
17.8 ± 6.4 2.7 (2.7, 8.3) |
43.9 ± 19.2 2.7 (2.7, 8.4) |
0.0063 | 0.4728 | 0.0314 | 0.0035 | |
| GMCSF | 11.0 ± 1.7 4.4 (2.7, 9.6) |
8.8 ± 1.2 2.9 (2.7,7.9) |
13.4 ± 2.6 2.8 (2.7, 7.3) |
0.0011 | 0.8837 | 0.0041 | 0.0014 | |
| TNFα | 19.6 ± 11.1 4.9 (2.7, 9.2) |
15.7 ± 1.9 9.2 (2.7, 17.6) |
16.9 ± 2.3 8.8 (3.5, 16.2) |
<0.0001 | 0.7887 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | ||||||||
| IL-4 | 243.9 ± 23.8 31.6 (6.1, 236.4) |
221.6 ± 27.2 36.9 (7.1, 223.4) |
215.8 ± 27.6 31.9 (4.4, 174.5) |
0.6352 | ||||
| IL-10 | 187.8 ± 25.3 49.9 (20.4, 123.0) |
352.6 ± 53.1 104.9 (37.8, 275.0) |
339.6 ± 54.0 60.5 (24.5, 225.3) |
<0.0001 | 0.0005 | <0.0001 | 0.0067 | |
| Chemokines | ||||||||
| IL-8 | 87.7 ± 16.3 28.0 (12.6, 60.4) |
102.9 ± 10.7 52.1 (14.8, 121.8) |
140.1 ± 29.4 46.6 (16.3, 100.1) |
<0.0001 | 0.6378 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Miscellaneous | ||||||||
| IL-5 | 6.9 ± 0.5 2.7 (2.7, 4.7) |
5.7 ± 0.5 2.7 (2.7, 5.3) |
6.8 ± 0.8 2.7 (2.7,4.0) |
0.088 | ||||
Levels of cytokines are expressed as mean ± SE, median (interquartile range).
Divided according to their respective groups: trauma; infected, non-trauma; and non-infected non-trauma. Because of the non-Gaussian distribution of the data, medians were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.