Cytokine-forming cell (CFC) responses by nasally LTN/F1-V DNA primed-mice show Ag-specific Th1/Th2/Th17 cell responses. BALB/c mice were nasally dosed with the DNA vaccines on wks 0, 1, and 2, and on wk 7, total lymphocytes were isolated from spleens, HNLNs, and PPs, and Ag-pulsed for 2 days; and (A) CFC responses and (B) cytokine production were measured by cytokine-specific ELISPOT and sandwich ELISA, respectively. Depicted is the mean ± SEM of two experiments (16 mice/group). In some instances, significant differences in the different tissues were detected comparing with media (Med) (*P < 0.05).