Overproduction of NRAMP1-GFP Rescues nramp1-1 Hypersensitivity to Mn Deficiency.
(A) Production of NRAMP1-GFP in the nramp1-1 mutant was controlled by immunoblot analysis of total proteins extracted from roots of either nramp1-1 or three independent nramp1-1–complemented lines probed with a GFP antiserum.
(B) to (D) Complementation test. The wild type, nramp1-1, and nramp1-1–complemented line #4 were grown in Mn-free medium in hydroponic culture for 4 weeks (B). In low Mn conditions, NRAMP1-GFP rescues nramp1-1 growth defect in terms of both shoot (B) and root (C) biomass production.
(D) ICP-MS measurement of Mn content in roots and shoots of the plants presented in (B) and (C), showing that NRAMP1-GFP rescues nramp1-1 Mn content in low Mn conditions. Both growth and Mn content of the nramp1-1/NRAMP1-GFP plants exceed that of wild-type plants ([C] and [D]) (n = 4). Error bars represent sd. Significant differences between the wild type and either nramp1-1 or nramp1-1–complemented line #4 are shown with * P < 0.01 in (C) and * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01 in (D) (Student's t test). Data are from one representative experiment (n = 2). DW, dry weight.