Table 2.

General clinical guidelines in the treatment of depression in dually diagnosed adolescents

TREATMENT INTERVENTION	PARTICIPANTS	DETAILS
Psychoeducation	Parents, adolescent, and clinician	Causes of depression
		Depression is an illness; not a weakness
		Emphasize chronic and recurring nature of depression
		Symptoms
		Course of illness with/without treatment
		Review of evidence based practice in the treatment of adolescent depression
		Risks associated with depression, including risk for suicide
		Risks associated with various treatments, including risks associated with no treatment
Family involvement	Parents, adolescent, and clinician	Provide parenting guidance
		Help family manage conflict
		Reduce family dysfunction
Supportive management	Adolescent and clinician	Active listening
		Restoration of hope
		Problem solving
		Coping skills
		Monitor for any high risk behaviors including risk for suicidality
School	Parents, adolescent, clinician, and appropriate school personnel	Advocate for educational supports until recovery achieved
		Adolescent students with MDD may qualify for school-based educational supports in the Emotional Disturbance Disability category under the Individuals with Educational Disabilities Act