Table 3.

Association of Maternal Characteristics with Maternal Race-Ethnicity and Language Preference Subgroups among 476 Control Mothers

Maternal characteristics*	Foreign-born Hispanic, Spanish preference (n = 185)	Foreign-born Hispanic, English preference (n = 50)	US-born Hispanic, Spanish preference (n = 64)	US-born Hispanic, English preference (n = 68)	Non-Hispanic White (n = 109)	p value
Any intake of folic acid-containing supplement† (n = 2 missing)	46%	57%	56%	57%	83%	<.001
Dietary folate intake† (n = 30 missing)
Lowest quartile	17%	37%	25%	38%	37%	<.001
Highest quartile	32%	20%	27%	9%	12%
Prepregnancy body mass index (n = 39 missing)
Underweight	9%	11%		16%	26%	.006
Normal weight	54%	57%	14%	47%	58%
Overweight	15%	6%	54%	13%	4%
Obese	21%	26%	16%	24%	13%
			16%
Food insecurity (questions with a “yes” response)† (n = 2 missing)
0	73%	94%	89%	85%	96%	<.001
1	9%	4%	2%	4%	2%
2 or more	18%	2%	9%	10%	2%
Stressful life events† (n = 0 missing)
0	46%	50%	47%	34%	51%	.27
1	17%	24%	17%	21%	21%
2 or more	37%	26%	36%	46%	28%
Any smoking† (n = 0 missing)	1%	4%	5%	12%	15%	<.001
Any alcohol intake† (n = 2 missing)	5%	20%	11%	21%	35%	<.001
Education (n = 3 missing)						<.001
<12 years	65%	18%	38%	18%	4%
=12 years	21%	46%	34%	33%	14%
>12 years	14%	36%	28%	49%	81%
Annual household income (n = 62 missing)
<$10,000	49%	14%	20%	29%	6%	<.001
$10,000–40,000	47%	47%	60%	32%	18%
$40,000 or more	4%	40%	20%	39%	76%
Neighborhood education† (n = 53 missing)
Worst quartile	30%	16%	35%	10%	0%	<.001
Best quartile	18%	22%	17%	51%	82%
Neighborhood poverty† (n = 53 missing)
Worst quartile	32%	20%	25%	8%	2%	<.001
Best quartile	16%	33%	23%	41%	76%

^*See Methods for variable definitions.

^†During the 2 months before pregnancy or during the first 2 months of pregnancy.