| I A normally healthy patient |
Normal history and exam |
No restrictions |
| II A patient with mild systemic disease without restricted function |
Child with controlled reactive airway disease |
Usually no restrictions |
| III A patient with severe systemic disease and definitely restricted function |
Child with asthma and marked stridor (wheezing) |
Some restrictions; a risk–benefit analysis should be carried out |
| IV A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life |
Child with status asthmaticus |
Massive restrictions; usually benefit is smaller than risk |
| V A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation |
Child in cardiogenic shock, intended to undergo heart transplantation |
Not suitable |
