Table 1. Psychosocial stress in hospital doctors in surgical specialties by sex, position and department.
| Total (N=1311) | Sex | p*1 | Position | p*1 | Department | p*1 | ||||
| Male (n=789) | Female (n=522) | Consultant/ Senior physician (n=391) | Resident*2 (n=920) | Gynecol- ogy/Obstetrics (n=344) | (General) surgery (n=967) | |||||
| Effort-reward imbalance model | ||||||||||
| — Quotient effort/reward | 0.87 | 0.88 (0.39) | 0.86 (0.32) | 0.957 | 0.79 (0.27) | 0.91 (0.39) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.33) | 0.88 (0.38) | 0.099 |
| (M, SD) | (0.37) | |||||||||
| — Effort | 18.6 (3.9) | 18.4 (3.7) | 0.271 | 18.5 (3.7) | 18.5 (3.8) | 10.637 | 18.4 (4.0) | 18.6 (3.7) | 0.405 | |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | 18.5 (3.8) | |||||||||
| — Reward | 38.5 (7.6) | 38.2 (7.3) | 0.636 | 41.3 (6.3) | 37.1 (7.6) | <0.001 | 39.0 (7.0) | 38.1 (7.7) | 0.013 | |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | 38.3 (7.5) | |||||||||
| — Salary | 13.5 (4.3) | 13.6 (4.0) | 0.744 | 15.7 (3.4) | 12.6 (4.1) | <0.001 | 14.4 (3.7) | 13.3 (4.3) | <0.001 | |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | 13.6 (4.2) | |||||||||
| — Esteem | 16.9 (3.2) | 16.6 (3.4) | 0.315 | 17.3 (3.0) | 16.6 (3.4) | <0.001 | 16.7 (3.3) | 16.8 (3.3) | 0.718 | |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | 16.8 (3.3) | |||||||||
| — Job security | 8.0 (1.9) | 8.1 (1.9) | 0.133 | 8.2 (1.8) | 8.0 (1.9) | 0.103 | 8.0 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.9) | 0.292 | |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | 8.0 (1.9) | |||||||||
| — Tendency to professional | 15.6 (3.8) | 16.0(3.6) | 0.108 | 16.1 (3.5) | 15.6 (3.7) | 0.007 | 15.9 (3.7) | 15.7 (3.7) | 0.405 | |
| overcommitment (sum scale: M, SD) | 15.7 (3.7) | |||||||||
| Demand-control model | ||||||||||
| — Demand | 24.7 (3.7) | 24.9 (3.7) | 24.6 (3.6) | 0.091 | 24.2 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.7) | <0.001 | 24.2 (3.7) | 24.9 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | ||||||||||
| — Control | 26.0 (3.6) | 26.5 (3.6) | 25.2 (3.4) | <0.001 | 28.3 (2.7) | 25.0 (3.4) | <0.001 | 25.3 (3.7) | 26.2 (3.5) | 0.001 |
| (sum scale: M, SD) | ||||||||||
| Due to professional demands, too tired for | ||||||||||
| — activities with the family (%) | 72.1 | 72.2 | 72.1 | 0.962 | 68.5 | 73.7 | 0.058 | 74.4 | 71.3 | 0.261 |
| — personal interests (%) | 79.6 | 77.5 | 82.6 | 0.025 | 72.9 | 82.4 | <0.001 | 82.3 | 78,5 | 0.136 |
| In the last 12 months several times a month or more thought of | ||||||||||
| — giving up the job (%) | ||||||||||
| — working abroad (%) | 20.7 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 0.504 | 18.9 | 21.5 | 0.163 | 21.5 | 20.4 | 0.357 |
| 30.5 | 33.1 | 26.7 | 0.009 | 17.1 | 36.2 | 0.001 | 23.3 | 33.0 | < 0.001 | |
| Quality of patient care sometimes or often negatively affected by | ||||||||||
| — overwork (%) | 44.2 | 41.7 | 48.0 | 0.015 | 35.0 | 48.0 | <0.001 | 46.6 | 43.3 | 0.162 |
| — time pressure (%) | 67.2 | 63.8 | 72.4 | 0.001 | 54.1 | 72.8 | <0.001 | 69.8 | 66.3 | 0.131 |
*1Significance testing using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test, not adjusted for multiple testing; *2 Residents and junior doctors without training positions; M, mean; SD, standard deviation