Figure 3.

Burst structure in adult human locomotion. Cappelini et al. have decomposed walking and running patterns in many muscles (Panel 1) using multiple statistical methods. In panel the similar results of factor analysis (FA), Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Non-Negative matrix factorization are shown. All produce similar pulsed pattern structure and variations in walking (left) and running (right). The pulses shift between walking and running, and have minor alterations in muscle balance composition but are the muscle synergies are mostly preserved across conditions. (from Cappelini et al. 2006)