Table 1.
Prevalence (%) of Trauma by Sex and Race/Ethnicitya
| Males |
Females |
Analyses Comparing Sex |
||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N=898) |
Totalb (N=532) |
African American (N=247) |
Non- Hispanic White (N=107) |
Hispanic (N=177) |
Analyses Comparing Race/Ethnicity |
Protected Testsc |
Totald (N=366) |
African American (N=243) |
Non-Hispanic White (N=47) |
Hispanic (N=75) |
Analyses Comparing Race/Ethnicity |
Protected Testsc |
||||||||
| Ever Traumatized | F | df | p | F | df | p | F | df | p | |||||||||||
| Ever experienced any trauma listed (%) | 92.5 | 93.2 | 94.0 | 89.8 | 90.8 | 0.62 | 2, 522 | 0.925 | 84.0 | 85.8 | 76.8 | 81.6 | 0.93 | 2, 362 | 0.313 | 6.42 | 1, 880 | 0.024e | ||
| Mean # of traumas | 14.6 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 11.9 | 0.56 | 2, 885 | 0.573 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 11.6 | 19.4 | 1.50 | 2, 885 | 0.224 | 0.02 | 1, 886 | 0.878 | ||
| Type of Traumaf | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||
| Ever been in a situation where you thought you/someone close to you was going to be hurt very badly or die? (N=439) | 53.2 | 53.5 | 54.2 | 52.7 | 50.8 | 0.08 | 2, 522 | 0.925 | 49.1 | 47.0 | 53.7 | 55.2 | 1.17 | 2, 357 | 0.313 | 1.02 | 1, 881 | 0.312 | ||
| Ever been attacked physically, or beaten badly? (N=332) | 35.3 | 35.7 | 32.3 | 57.8 | 43.8 | 6.11 | 2, 521 | 0.016e | Non-Hispanic White > African American | 30.9 | 26.7 | 32.6 | 46.9 | 5.34 | 2, 357 | 0.040e | Hispanic > African American | 1.23 | 1, 880 | 0.268 |
| Ever been threatened with a weapon? (N=490) | 58.4 | 59.3 | 59.2 | 75.0 | 54.6 | 4.11 | 2, 521 | 0.118e | 47.3 | 47.9 | 36.8 | 50.6 | 1.12 | 2, 357 | 0.326 | 5.82 | 1, 880 | 0.096e | ||
| Ever forced to do something sexual that you did not want to do? (N=130) | 4.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 0.87 | 2, 522 | 0.419 | 29.6 | 31.0 | 27.4 | 24.9 | 0.59 | 2, 357 | 0.556 | 36.83 | 1, 881 | <.001e | ||
| Ever been in a bad accident, like a car accident? (N=234) | 33.1 | 34.0 | 35.5 | 38.2 | 26.1 | 1.15 | 2, 522 | 0.317 | 21.9 | 19.0 | 33.3 | 27.9 | 2.93 | 2, 356 | 0.055 | 7.41 | 1, 881 | 0.046e | ||
| Ever in a fire, flood, tornado, earthquake, or other natural disaster where you thought you were going to die or be seriously injured? (N=93) | 10.5 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 0.65 | 2, 521 | 0.523 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 0.14 | 2, 357 | 0.870 | 0.01 | 1, 880 | 0.986 | ||
| Other than on T.V./movies, ever seen/heard someone get hurt very badly or be killed? (N=595) | 74.1 | 74.9 | 76.0 | 60.6 | 74.2 | 3.06 | 2, 521 | 0.287e | 63.5 | 65.2 | 60.0 | 58.1 | 0.78 | 2, 357 | 0.459 | 5.70 | 1, 880 | 0.085e | ||
| Ever very upset by seeing a dead body/pictures of a dead body of someone you knew well? (N=224) | 23.5 | 23.1 | 24.5 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 0.93 | 2, 522 | 0.395 | 27.9 | 30.2 | 23.2 | 21.0 | 1.48 | 2, 356 | 0.228 | 1.20 | 1, 880 | 0.274 | ||
Each cell is weighted to reflect the population of the detention center. Because females comprise only 7.3% of the detention center population, overall rates cannot be computed by averaging males’ and females’ rates. To protect against Type I error, each group of tests is Bonferroni-adjusted beginning with the lowest alphas to the highest; for this reason, the probability of Type I error may not be a monotonic function of the F statistics. We present Bonferroni-adjusted p values for tests that were originally significant at .05. Tests for mean numbers of trauma are computed with the poisson regression for survey data module in Stata 8.0.
One male, who self-identified as “other,” is excluded from the analysis of race/ethnicity.
Protected tests are performed only if the Bonferroni-adjusted tests are significant at .05.
One female, who self-identified as “other,” is excluded from the analysis of race/ethnicity.
Bonferroni-adjusted test.
Subjects may have experienced more than one trauma.