Table 2.
Six-Month Prevalence and Odds Ratios of DSM III-R Diagnoses by Sex with and without Diagnosis-Specific Impairment Criteria*
| DISORDER | MALE (%, 95% CI) (n = 1170) | FEMALE (%, 95% CI) (n = 656) | FEMALE TO MALE ODDS RATIOS (OR, 95% CI) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis with Impairment | Diagnosis | Diagnosis with Impairment | Diagnosis | Diagnosis with Impairment | |||||||||||||
| % | LCI | UCI | % | LCI | UCI | % | LCI | UCI | % | LCI | UCI | OR | LCI | UCI | OR | LCI | UCI | |
| ANY OF THE LISTED DISORDERS | 66.3 | 61.6 | 70.7 | 63.3 | 58.6 | 67.8 | 73.8 | 70.1 | 77.1 | 71.2 | 67.5 | 74.7 | 1.43 | 1.09 | 1.88 | 1.43 | 1.10 | 1.87 |
| ANY EXCEPT CONDUCT DISORDER | 60.9 | 56.2 | 65.5 | 59.7 | 54.9 | 64.3 | 70.0 | 66.2 | 73.5 | 68.2 | 64.4 | 71.8 | 1.49 | 1.15 | 1.94 | 1.45 | 1.12 | 1.88 |
| ANY AFFECTIVE DISORDER | 18.7 | 15.2 | 22.8 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 20.0 | 27.6 | 23.6 | 32.0 | 22.9 | 19.0 | 27.2 | 1.66 | 1.20 | 2.29 | 1.55 | 1.09 | 2.20 |
| Major depressive episode | 13.0 | 10.0 | 16.6 | 11.0 | 8.3 | 14.5 | 21.6 | 17.8 | 25.9 | 18.9 | 15.2 | 23.2 | 1.85 | 1.27 | 2.70 | 1.88 | 1.25 | 2.82 |
| Dysthymia | 12.2 | 9.3 | 15.8 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 15.8 | 13.1 | 18.8 | 12.5 | 10.2 | 15.3 | 1.34 | 0.93 | 1.95 | 1.31 | 0.87 | 1.96 |
| Manic episode | 2.2 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.81 | 0.33 | 1.99 | 0.58 | 0.21 | 1.63 |
| PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS | 1.0 | 0.4 | 2.6 | … | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.1 | … | 0.98 | 0.30 | 3.25 | … | ||||||
| ANY ANXIETY DISORDER | 21.3 | 17.6 | 25.6 | 20.7 | 17.0 | 24.9 | 30.8 | 27.2 | 34.6 | 28.9 | 25.5 | 32.7 | 1.64 | 1.22 | 2.20 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 2.10 |
| Panic disorder | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 5.65 | 2.04 | 15.65 | 8.13 | 2.01 | 32.85 |
| Separation anxiety disorder | 12.9 | 9.9 | 16.5 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 14.2 | 18.6 | 15.7 | 21.9 | 16.3 | 13.6 | 19.4 | 1.55 | 1.08 | 2.21 | 1.61 | 1.10 | 2.34 |
| Overanxious disorder | 6.7 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 8.7 | 12.3 | 9.9 | 15.1 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 14.2 | 1.95 | 1.23 | 3.10 | 2.06 | 1.27 | 3.35 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 7.1 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 9.0 | 1.03 | 0.63 | 1.69 | 1.07 | 0.64 | 1.79 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 8.3 | 6.1 | 11.3 | … | 10.6 | 8.4 | 13.2 | … | 1.31 | 0.86 | 2.00 | … | ||||||
| ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER† | 16.6 | 13.3 | 20.5 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 14.6 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 24.8 | 16.4 | 13.7 | 19.5 | 1.37 | 0.99 | 1.89 | 1.55 | 1.07 | 2.25 |
| ANY DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDER | 41.4 | 36.8 | 46.2 | 31.4 | 27.2 | 36.0 | 45.6 | 41.4 | 49.8 | 38.0 | 33.9 | 42.2 | 1.19 | 0.92 | 1.53 | 1.33 | 1.02 | 1.75 |
| Oppositional-defiant disorder | 14.5 | 11.4 | 18.2 | 12.6 | 9.8 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 14.7 | 20.6 | 15.1 | 12.5 | 18.1 | 1.25 | 0.89 | 1.76 | 1.23 | 0.86 | 1.76 |
| Conduct disorder | 37.8 | 33.3 | 42.6 | 24.3 | 20.5 | 28.5 | 40.6 | 36.5 | 44.8 | 28.5 | 24.6 | 32.8 | 1.12 | 0.86 | 1.46 | 1.24 | 0.92 | 1.67 |
| ANY SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER | 50.7 | 45.9 | 55.5 | … | 46.8 | 42.6 | 51.1 | … | 0.86 | 0.66 | 1.11 | … | ||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | 25.9 | 21.9 | 30.4 | … | 26.5 | 22.6 | 30.9 | … | 1.03 | 0.76 | 1.40 | … | ||||||
| Marijuana use disorder | 44.8 | 40.1 | 49.6 | … | 40.5 | 36.8 | 44.4 | … | 0.84 | 0.65 | 1.08 | … | ||||||
| Other substance use disorder | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.4 | … | 6.9 | 4.1 | 11.4 | … | 3.00 | 1.57 | 5.74 | … | ||||||
| Both alcohol and other drug use disorders | 20.7 | 17.0 | 24.9 | … | 20.9 | 18.0 | 24.2 | … | 1.01 | 0.75 | 1.38 | … | ||||||
*
CI indicates confidence interval. Ellipses indicate that diagnosis and diagnosis with impairment are identical because the diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders include impairment.
†
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is reported without the criterion of onset before age 7 years because caretaker information is not available and self-report of symptoms before age 7 years is unreliable.