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. 1998 Aug 1;317(7154):303–307. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7154.303

Table.

Mean (SD) baseline scores and mean change (95% confidence intervals) according to treatment for chronic schizophrenia. Negative changes indicate improvement

Detail Cognitive behaviour therapy
Supportive counselling
Routine care alone
F value P value
Baseline Change after treatment Baseline Change after treatment Baseline Change after treatment
No of symptoms 4.46 (3.5) −1.6 (−2.5 to −0.7) 4.79 (3.3) −0.5 (−1.2 to 0.2) 4.78 (3.4) 0.11 (−0.7 to 0.9) 4.99 (df=2,86) 0.009
Severity of symptoms  20.0 (16.5)  −7.8 (−12.0 to −3.8)  23.0 (16.8)  −3.9 (−6.9 to −0.9)  21.2 (15.3) 0.07 (−3.1 to 3.3) 5.42; (df=2,86) 0.006