Table 4.
Multivariate Analysis of Resting Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates of Exercise Capacity (METs)
| Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting Variables | B*Unstandardized (SE) | 95% CI | Bψ Standardized | p |
| Model #1 with Diastolic Function Grade | ||||
| Diastolic function | ||||
| Mild vs. normal | -0.70 (0.10) | -0.88 to –0.46 | -0.12 | <0.0001 |
| Moderate/severe vs. normal | -1.30 (0.13) | -1.52 to –0.99 | -0.16 | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | -0.85 (0.04), per 10 years | -0.92 to –0.77 | -0.40 | <0.0001 |
| Female gender | -1.98 (0.07) | -2.15 to –1.84 | -0.36 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index >30 kg/m2 | -1.24 (0.08) | -1.41 to –1.10 | -0.21 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | -0.24 (0.03), per 10 beats/min | -0.30 to –0.18 | -0.11 | <0.0001 |
| Previous/current smoker | -0.43 (0.07) | -0.59 to –0.29 | -0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Beta-blocker | -0.39 (0.09) | -0.61 to –0.21 | -0.07 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | -0.10 (0.02), per 10 mmHg | -0.15 to –0.05 | -0.06 | 0.0003 |
| History of hypertension | -0.27 (0.88) | -0.48 to –0.13 | -0.06 | 0.01 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | -0.36 (0.12) | -0.67 to –0.16 | -0.05 | 0.03 |
| Model #2 with Resting E/e’ | ||||
| E/e’ ≥ 15 | -0.41 (0.15) | -0.70 to -0.11 | -0.04 | 0.007 |
| Age, years | -1.00 (0.03), per 10 years | -1.05 to -0.91 | -0.46 | <0.0001 |
| Female gender | -2.00 (0.08) | -2.19 to -1.88 | -0.37 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index >30 kg/m2 | -1.34 (0.08) | -1.50 to -1.17 | -0.22 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | -0.28 (0.03), per 10 beats/min | -0.33 to -0.21 | -0.13 | <0.0001 |
| Beta-blocker | -0.53 (0.10) | -0.71 to -0.31 | -0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Previous/current smoker | -0.44 (0.08) | -0.59 to-0.29 | -0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | -0.09 (0.03), per 10 mmHg | -0.15 to -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.0003 |
| History of hypertension | -0.28 (0.10) | -0.44 to -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.004 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | -0.41 (0.13) | -0.64 to -0.12 | -0.04 | 0.002 |
All variables in Table 3 were included in the multivariate analysis.
Diastolic Function Grade Model #1: R2 = 0.51, Intercept 18.3
E/e’ ≥ 15 Model #2: R2 = 0.45, Intercept 19.0
*
β = Slope of the regression line for each variable and exercise capacity, expressed per unit of each variable or as outlined beside variable (unstandardized coefficient).
ψ
β= standardized slope in the same units of measure.