Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 3.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2008 Feb 4;117(7):952–962. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.744490

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Neither PKA nor RSK is involved in metformin-enhanced AMPK activation in BAEC. A and B, Confluent BAEC were pretreated with protein kinase inhibitors for 30 minutes followed by treatment with metformin (1 mmol/L) for 1 hour, the cells were lysed, and phosphorylation of AMPK and LKB1 was detected by Western blot. The blot is a representative of blots from 3 different experiments. ♣P<0.05 compared with respective control (Con). C, BAEC were treated with metformin (Met) (1 mmol/L) for 1 hour, cell lysate was prepared, and the phosphorylation of PKC-ζ, PKAc, and RSK3 was detected by Western blot with the use of specific antibodies. The blot is a representative of 3 blots obtained from 3 individual experiments. D, LKB1 was immunoprecipitated, and PKC-ζ, PKAc, and RSK3 were detected by Western blotting. The blot is representative of blots from 3 different experiments. E, Confluent BAECs were transfected with PKC-ζ-DN and PKC-ζ-WT adenovirus for 48 hours and treated with metformin for 1 hour. The cells were lysed and analyzed by Western blotting. The blot is a representative of 3 blots obtained from 3 individual experiments.