Table 2.

Indication criteria adopted for esophageal cancer endoscopic submucosal resection

- Endoscopic signs of early lesions or echo endoscopic examination confirming tumor limited to the mucosa or up to the superficial submucosa (Sm1). - Histological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma or high grade intraepithelial neoplasia restricted to the mucosa (M1 and M2). - Lesions with M3 or Sm1 invasion without lymphatic and vascular involvement, no larger superficial size (< 2.5 mm). - No signs of lymph node metastases.