Figure I of Box 2.
Association of PGE2 receptors with G-protein coupled receptors. (i) EP2R and EP4R activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) or PKA-independent EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) signaling. (ii) EP3R inhibits the synthesis of cAMP. (iii) EP1R activates Ca2+ and possibly (hashed line) protein kinase C (PKC) signaling.