Table 3.
Bivariate Associations between Stress, Psychosocial/Demographic Covariates and HIV-Risk Related Behaviors (N = 526)
| Illicit Drug Use |
Alcohol Misuse |
Unprotected Anal Intercourse (UAI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-Demographic Variables | |||
| Ethnicity | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| African - American | 22 (18) | 24 (19) | 48 (38) |
| Latino of Mexican descent | 51 (25) | 66 (32) | 72 (35) |
| Caucasian | 75 (39)*** | 80 (41)*** | 77 (39) |
| Age group | |||
| 18 - 19 yrs | 53 (26) | 59 (29) | 72 (35) |
| 20 – 21 yrs | 52 (27) | 68 (35) | 77 (39) |
| 22+ yrs | 43 (35) | 43 (35) | 48 (39) |
| Living with Family | 62 (42)*** | 75 (44)** | 100 (51) |
|
Psychosocial Characteristics (sample range) |
m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) |
| Distress (CESD) (0 – 54.00) | 16.60 (11.19)* | 15.91 (10.82) | 16.38 (11.45)* |
| Proactive Coping (23.00-56.00) | 45.53 (5.55)* | 46.82 (5.11) | 45.73 (5.40)* |
| Family Support (1.00-4.00) | 2.95 (0.73) | 3.02 (0.72) | 2.95 (0.72) |
| Friends' Support (.175-4.00) | 3.52 (0.52) | 3.59 (0.47)** | 3.49 (0.54) |
|
Sexual Identity-Related Stress (sample range) |
m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) |
| Internalized homophobia (1.27-3.20) | 2.05 (0.31)* | 2.04 (0.30)* | 2.07 (0.30) |
| Level of Disclosure (1.00-4.00) | 3.15 (0.73)*** | 3.10 (0.75)** | 2.94 (0.78) |
| Homophobia Growing Up (1.00-4.00) | 2.85 (0.78) | 2.93 (0.78) | 2.87 (0.79) |
| Homophobia that Requires Identity Management (1.00-4.00) | 1.88 (0.77) | 1.87 (0.73) | 1.88 (0.72) |
| Extreme Homophobia (e.g., physical assault) (1.00-3.00) | 1.18 (0.33)* | 1.18 (0.33)* | 1.18 (0.33)* |
| Stressful Life Events | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Family Stress | 118 (30)+ | 132 (34) | 155 (40)+ |
| School/work Stress | 114 (30) | 127 (33) | 153 (40)* |
| Financial Stress | 116 (32)** | 127 (35)* | 139 (39) |
| Partner-Related Stress | 92 (29) | 111 (35) | 144 (45)*** |
| Peer Non-acceptance of Sexuality | 91 (30) | 84 (28)** | 110 (36) |
| Stress Related to Own Health Concerns | 81 (35)** | 88 (38)* | 108 (47)*** |
| Stress Related to Friends' Health | 61 (30) | 69 (34) | 83 (40) |
| Threat Related Stress | 58 (33) | 64 (36) | 71 (40) |
| Death Stress | 22 (26) | 28 (33) | 32 (38) |
| HIV-Risk Related Behaviors | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
|
| |||
| Illicit Drug Use | 74 (50)*** | 72 (49)*** | |
| Alcohol Misuse | 70 (41) | ||
| Unprotected Anal Intercourse | |||
Note. For all continuous variables, the greater the score, the greater the likelihood of experience.
+
p ≤ .10;
*
p ≤ .05;
**
p ≤ .01;
***
p ≤ .001