Scheme of interactions among cortical (top row) and subcortical (middle row) structures. According to this scheme, the granular prefrontal cortex prioritizes learned strategies, rules and other aspects of advanced cognition; the agranular frontal cortex prioritizes behaviors based on learned associations among stimuli (S), responses (R), and outcomes (O); and the hippocampal cortex and amygdala prioritize innate behaviors. The granular prefrontal cortex also implements advanced cognition by suppressing conditioned behaviors when warranted, and both the granular and agranular parts of frontal cortex suppress innate behaviors when warranted. Cortical-field abbreviations from left to right: PFo, PFdl and PFv, orbital, dorsolateral and ventral prefrontal cortex, respectively; IL, infralimbic cortex; PL, prelimbic cortex; AC, anterior cingulate cortex; OFa, agranular orbitofrontal cortex; Ia, agranular insular cortex.