Table 1.
(1a) | ✓ Bill enlarges Lynn’s pictures of the sunset Well-formed Control |
(1b) | * Bill enlarges Lynn’s justice of the sunset Conceptual semantic anomaly |
(1c) | * Bill enlarges Lynn’s of pictures the sunset Phrase-structure violation |
(2a) | ✓ Derek doubts that Roger ever drinks cognac [+Licensor/+NPI] |
(2b) | * Derek thinks that Roger ever drinks cognac [−Licensor/+NPI] |
(2c) | ✓ Derek doubts that Roger often drinks cognac [+Licensor/−NPI] |
(2d) | ✓ Derek thinks that Roger often drinks cognac [−Licensor/−NPI] |
Note: ✓: acceptable; * unacceptable. NPI licensing/non-licensing context differences are indicated in italics (doubt, think). See Table-2 for example sentences illustrating the full range of NPI/non-NPI target words and Licensing/Non-Licensing contexts included in the present study. Target NPI/non-NPI words are underlined (ever, often). Previous studies have either analyzed contrasts similar to (2a) vs. (2b), or similar to (2b) vs. (2d). See main text for discussion.