FIGURE 3.

Effects of fatty acids and HDAC inhibitors on adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. A and B, treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with the short chain fatty acid HDAC inhibitors sodium butyrate (1 mm) and sodium propionate (1 mm) enhances adipogenesis. This effect is completely abolished by TSA (100 nm). The short-chain fatty acid sodium acetate also enhances adipogenesis without having HDAC activity. C and D, primary, calvarial pre-osteoblasts were isolated and induced to differentiate. Calcified matrix deposited by mature osteoblasts was visualized using silver nitrate staining. Size bars: 60 μm. Expression of osteoblast-specific markers (Runx2, Osterix, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Osteocalcin) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.