HMBPP/IL-2 cotreatment during chronic SHIV infection leads to increases in Vγ2 and αβ T cells with proinflammatory memory phenotypes. Absolute numbers of circulating Vγ2+ T cells expressing CCR5 and/or CXCR4 (a), CD45RA and/or CCR7 (b), CD45RA and/or CD27 (c), or CD28 and/or CD95 (d) and Vγ2−CD8+ T cells expressing CD28 and/or CD95 (e) and CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5 and/or CXCR4 (f), CD45RA and/or CD27 (g), or CD28 and/or CD95 (h) are shown per microliter of blood before infection (Pre) and during peak T cell expansion upon HMBPP/IL-2 cotreatment during chronic infection as averages ± SEM. Groups treated with IL-2 alone or sham are also shown at the same time points. Asterisks indicate groups that were also previously treated during early infection.