Protection of IRF-1 KO mice vaccinated with B. abortus S19, RB51, or the Δpgk mutant strain. Animals received intraperitoneally 105 CFU of B. abortus S19, 105 CFU of Δpgk, or 107 CFU of RB51, and 12 weeks after immunization all mice were challenged by i.p. injection of 106 CFU of B. abortus S2308. Groups of 10 mice were monitored daily for survival for 30 days. Vaccination of mice with the Δpgk mutant induced protection superior to that of immunization with vaccine strain S19 or RB51.