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Pathways of tryptophan metabolism. The catabolic pathway leading from tryptophan to anthranilic acid, found in a number of bacteria, is inducible by tryptophan (56). The pathway leading from kynurenine to 3-HA is constitutive and found in all eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae (64) and mammals (69). In the eukaryotic cell, 3-HA serves as a precursor of NAD+ or can be metabolized further. In actinomycin synthesis, 3-HA is converted to 4-MHA. NAD+, nicotine adenine dinucleotide.
