Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the NHS in 2000
| All NHS (n = 3348) | ACR <25 μg/mg (n = 3107) | ACR 25 to 355 μg/mg (n = 205) | GFR Decline <30% (n = 2916) | eGFR Decline ≥30% (n = 380) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 67 | 67 | 69a | 67 | 69a |
| Caucasian, % | 97.3 | 97.3 | 98.0 | 97.3 | 97.9 |
| Hypertension, % | 54.4 | 52.7 | 73.7a | 52.0 | 69.2a |
| Diabetes, % | 23.7 | 20.8 | 57.6a | 21.2 | 37.6a |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | 6.2 | 5.1 | 16.1a | 4.9 | 15.3a |
| Current smoker, % | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 4.2 |
| Ever smoker, % | 53.0 | 52.9 | 58 | 52.6 | 57.4 |
| Alcohol intake, g/d | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.5a | 1.8 | 1.1 |
| Calorie intake, kcal/d | 1726 | 1728 | 1704 | 1728 | 1702 |
| Activity level, mets/wk | 11.4 | 11.8 | 7.7a | 12.1 | 7.7a |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 | 26.1 | 29.8a | 26.1 | 27.4a |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB medication use, % | 15.6 | 14.7 | 25.9a | 14.3 | 23.7a |
| Plasma creatinine in 1989, mg/dl | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.69a |
| Plasma creatinine in 2000, mg/dl | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.82b | 0.80 | 1.04a |
| eGFR in 2000, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 76 | 76 | 72b | 78 | 56a |
| Urinary ACR, μg/mg | 3.4 | 3.2 | 45 | 3.3 | 4.3a |
Results expressed as median or %. Note: There were 3348 with ACR data, but 36 women with ACR >355 were excluded from ACR analyses; 3296 with eGFR decline data. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-type 2 receptor blocker.
a
P < 0.001 when compared to ACR <25 μg/mg or eGFR decline ≤30% referent groups.
b
P < 0.01 when compared to ACR <25 μg/mg or eGFR decline ≤30% referent groups.